... America [20 , 27 , 34, 42] , Europe[16, 25 , 33], and Asia [2, 28 , 37]. The first report of the disease in Spain, where A. alba reaches its SW distribution limit in Europe, was in 20 02 [22 ].Previous ... G., Ecology and ecophysiology of circum-Mediterraneanfirs in the context of climate change, Ann. For. Sci. 59 (20 02) 823 –8 32. [4] Bannan M.W., Vertical resin ducts in the secondary wood of the Abietineae, ... in early summer [8]. Nine sam-pling points, 15 .2 m apart, were marked along two intersectingtransects (5 points on one transect and 4 points on the other) in each of the 3 plots (Fig. 2) . The...