... of concrete
are summarized by ACI as follows (Table 3. 1).
When examining concrete deterioration, one has to take into considera-
tion the local microclimate the concrete is exposed to. The concrete ... high
sulfate concentrations, and it is not only the concentration of sulfate anions
per se but also the type and concentration of the accompanying cations that
should be taken in...
... the avail-
able silica to form additional C-S-H. For additional information on the role
portlandite in hydration and deterioration of concrete consult Skalny et al.
(2001). Both C-S-H and calcium ... hydration reactions in concrete are, in turn, influenced by the production
processes and the environmental conditions prevailing during the pro-
duction of concrete. Thus, in designing co...
... limitations of visual
inspections.
5.3CONSEQUENCES OF SULFATE ATTACK ON THE
MICROSTRUCTURE OF CONCRETE
In Chapter 4, the consequences of sulfate attack (from internal or external
causes) on the ... as ettringite formation).
5.4CONSEQUENCES OF SULFATE ATTACK ON THE
MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE
Reports on the consequences of composition-induced internal sulf...
... Minimize Attack on Concrete by Sulfate Soils and Waters.
Crammond, N.J., Longworth, T.I. and Sibbick, R.G. (2001) “Tredington–Ashchurch
Bridge on the M5: Examination of TSA-affected concrete ... Odler
Swenson, E.G. (ed.) (1968) Performance of Concrete: Resistance of Concrete to Sulph-
ate and other Environmental Conditions, A Symposium in Honour of Thorbergur
Thorvaldson, Univ...
...
subjected to external sulfate attack
5 .3 Consequences of sulfate attack on the microstructure
of concrete
5.4Consequences of sulfate attack on the mechanical
properties of concrete
5.5Concluding remarks
References
6Prevention ...
chemicals
3. 1.3Expansive reactions with aggregate
3. 1.4Frost-related deterioration
3. 1.5Corrosion of embedded steel
3. 1.6Abrasion,...
... assure long-lasting durability of concrete structures in sulfate- bearing
environment.
Man abuses concrete by:
•
use of wrong or marginal concrete materials and improper mix pro-
portions;
•
inappropriate ... Committee for Reinforced Concrete (1989) Recommendation on the Heat Treatment of Concrete
(in German), Berlin, September.
BRE Digest 36 3 (1996) Sulfate and acid at...
... available for reaction with
cement components of the concrete mixture.
Quality Control is clearly one key issue in the protection of concrete against
composition-induced internal sulfate attack. It is ...
HEAT-INDUCED INTERNAL SULFATE ATTACK
Proper mixture design is one way of protecting concrete against degradation
by heat-induced internal sulfate attack. The materials use...
... effect of sulfate attack on service life of concrete.
The model is based on following assumptions:
1
Sulfate ions from the environment penetrate the concrete by diffusion;
2
Sulfate ions react ... volumetric
expansion upon sulfate attack. The model is based on the potential for
expansion provided by both C
3
A content of the cement and the sulfate ion
concentration...