Precast concrete materials, manufacture, properties and usage - Chapter 4 pot
Precast concrete materials, manufacture, properties and usage - Chapter 4 pot
... 1982Fig. 4. 4. Freeze-thaw % weight loss versus carbon/cement in wet-pressed kerbs.TABLE 4. 7DETAILS OF WET-PRESSED PAVING SLAB MIXESCopyright Applied Science Publishers Ltd 1982in Table 4. 4 and ... 0·32 0· 34 0·36 0·38 0 40 Observed and cost-corrected-relative-to-control failing loads (flexure)are shown in Table 4. 13. It can be seen that F/C over 0·37 detrimentallyaffects the 24 hour strength ... againstcarbon/cement ratio using Table 4. 3 one achieves an interesting shape ofTABLE 4. 3WET-PRESSED PFA MIXESTABLE 4. 4OBSERVED AND COST-CORRECTED FLEXURAL STRENGTHS OF WET-PRESSED KERBSCopyright Applied...
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Precast concrete materials, manufacture, properties and usage - Chapter 0 pot
... concrete I. Title691′·3 TA683·7ISBN 0-2 0 3 -4 905 7-6 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0-2 0 3-7 988 1-3 (Adobe eReader Format)ISBN 0-8 533 4- 9 9 4- 0 (Print Edition) WITH 40 TABLES AND 109 ILLUSTRATIONS © APPLIED ... Publishers Ltd 1982 PRECAST CONCRETE Materials, Manufacture, Properties and Usage M.LEVITTARCS, BSc, DIC, PhDHead—Materials Science Department,John Laing Research and Development Limited,Borehamwood, ... of HalifaxRedland Tiles LimitedRocla Pipes LimitedThermalite Limited Copyright Applied Science Publishers Ltd 1982 PRECAST CONCRETE Materials, Manufacture, Properties and Usage Copyright...
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Precast concrete materials, manufacture, properties and usage - Chapter 2 pot
... CONTROL STRENGTH FOR 24 HOUR OLD 4/ 1 MORTAR CYLINDERSTABLE 2.2 24 HOUR AND LATER AGE COMPARATIVE STRENGTH FOR 4/ 1, 0.5 W/CMORTARSCopyright Applied Science Publishers Ltd 19822 .4 WATER REPELLENTSThese ... properties of the fresh and/ or the hardened material. The chapter excludes additives such as ground blast furnace slag and pulverised fuel ash (fly ash), the latter being covered in Chapter 4. Pigments, ... Vibrated reinforced and unreinforced concretes (reinforced unitsonly if permitted by regulations).2.2 (a) and (c) as 2.1 and pressed and extruded products.2.2 (b) ready-mixed mortars delivered...
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Precast concrete materials, manufacture, properties and usage - Chapter 1 pdf
... relevantto precast concrete manufacture leaving mix design to Chapters 5 and 6.1.5.1 Cement typesThe most common cements used are ordinary and rapid-hardeningPortland (including white), sulphate-resisting ... characteristic strengths above 40 N/mm2, nor somesandstones above 50 N/mm2.(f) Aggregate variations affect physical, chemical and architectural properties and very few precasting projects can ... pre-wetted prior to mixing with thecement and additional water. Some limestones and sandstones havea slower absorption rate, and workability requirements need to bemet at the time the concrete...
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Precast concrete materials, manufacture, properties and usage - Chapter 3 ppsx
... concrete colourBoth the desk-top 100mm square sample and the 300mm square hand-portable samples are misleading in the case of unpigmented materials, and for coloured concretes and mortars they seldom ... agents should be water-in-oil emulsion creams orchemical release agents. Ordinary mineral mould oils and oil-in-water emulsions promote streaking and staining.(c) Pan-type mixes are preferred ... hydrated-then-dried mixturesof cement and pigment which are squeezed between glass plates and compared against a white background. The German test uses a blend ofbarytes and pigment and two...
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Precast concrete materials, manufacture, properties and usage - Chapter 5 ppt
... offup to a 240 V or three-phase supply under closely supervisednominally dry conditions.13. Re-vibration of concrete is beneficial if the concrete is re-vibratable and the cost of double handling ... accurate and consistent quantity of concrete into the mould.In some precast processes tilting tables are used both to cast the concrete and lift the mould and concrete into the near-vertical ... down-time cleaning and, if necessary, oiling, at the end of each working period.5.9 HANDLING AND CRANAGEProducts may be manually, machine or truck handled and great care isnecessary as the concrete...
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Precast concrete materials, manufacture, properties and usage - Chapter 6 pptx
... 1 4 Sand 1 54 5 –3·0Cement 100Water 40 +1 4 3·0=38 4 = Added water 40 = Effective orfree water 40 +1 4+ 1·5 =42 ·9 = Total waterAdmittedly one would not work to such accurate batch weights in a precast ... process a 4- or 8-drop would take place about every 15seconds.6.6.3 Wet and earth-moist mix pressesIn the production of floor tiles the wet and earth-moist mix mentionedfor the five-stage process ... required and the hand process is time-consuming. After the trowelling or rolling-in, the unit is subjected to awash-off, sand-blast or other suitable technique to expose the aggregate.Fig. 6.6. Precast...
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Precast concrete materials, manufacture, properties and usage - Chapter 7 pptx
... normal-cured concrete. Flexural strength at 4 24 hours old is the practical consideration as concrete is subject to bending during demoulding and handling. If, forexample, one aimed at and achieved ... up and gains strength slowly; a warm-starting concrete, say 25°C,warms up and gains strength more quickly; and a concrete starting at,say 40 °C, can be handled within a few hours. Any method ... expansion and a lower modulus of elasticity than a flint gravel concrete, and both these factors will result in reduced stresses.7.2 RELEASE AGENTS AND RETARDERSRelease agents for heat-cured concrete...
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Precast concrete materials, manufacture, properties and usage - Chapter 8 pdf
... Concrete and plastics: U (sandwich)=0 44 On an area proportionalityU (panel)=0 44 ×0·8+3·08×0·2=0·97 W/m2 °C. It may be seen that it is quite easy to undertake one’s own calculations, and ... days beforecleaning and scrubbing the surface.8 .4 SITE HANDLING AND USAGE With a good deal of sense 90% of the site problems that occur with precast products could be avoided, and the bad name ... defective concrete in toto and replace with good quality concrete. Most of the experience with alkali-aggregate reaction is that the defectmanifests itself after the steel has corroded and the concrete...
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Precast concrete materials, manufacture, properties and usage - Chapter 9 ppt
... all procedures in the manufacture and/ or testing(Assessors and Company). 4. Keeping Record Cards on all machinery, equipment, etc. (Company and Assessors). (See Chapter 5.)5. Calibration of all ... knowledge,‘know-how’ and ‘alchemy’, and if one does not know what the variablesare doing at any one time control is lost. One can list the factors and control variables one would use in precast manufacture ... strength + 0.62 × standarddeviation Day no. Average of 10 Standard 0·9×7·0 Accept/deviation (σ) +0·62 σreject51 7 4 0·5 6·61 A52 7·3 0·6 6·67 A53 7·1 0·8 6·80 A 54 7·0 1·0 6·92 A55...
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