Precast concrete materials, manufacture, properties and usage - Chapter 2 pot
Precast concrete materials, manufacture, properties and usage - Chapter 2 pot
... mortars delivered to site. 2. 3 As 2. 2. 2. 4 Cast stone, coloured and architectural concretes without 2. 2 and 2. 3present. 2. 5 Vibrated roadside units. 2. 6 Pointing and bedding mortars. In addition ... sections: 2. 1 Vibrated reinforced and unreinforced concretes (reinforced unitsonly if permitted by regulations). 2. 2 (a) and (c) as 2. 1 and pressed and extruded products. 2. 2 (b) ready-mixed mortars ... with HAC or SRPC. 2. 2 Do not add after the mixing water, and do not add too much mixingwater. 2. 3 Do not use stearic acid powder in earth-moist mixes nor with 2. 2types. 2. 4 As 2. 2, nor without...
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Precast concrete materials, manufacture, properties and usage - Chapter 0 pot
... 0 -2 0 3-4 905 7-6 Master e-book ISBN ISBN 0 -2 0 3-7 988 1-3 (Adobe eReader Format)ISBN 0-8 533 4-9 9 4-0 (Print Edition) WITH 40 TABLES AND 109 ILLUSTRATIONS © APPLIED SCIENCE PUBLISHERS LTD 19 82 All ... Publishers Ltd 19 82 PRECAST CONCRETE Materials, Manufacture, Properties and Usage M.LEVITTARCS, BSc, DIC, PhDHead—Materials Science Department,John Laing Research and Development ... of HalifaxRedland Tiles LimitedRocla Pipes LimitedThermalite Limited Copyright Applied Science Publishers Ltd 19 82 PRECAST CONCRETE Materials, Manufacture, Properties and Usage Copyright...
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Precast concrete materials, manufacture, properties and usage - Chapter 4 pot
... following F/C ratios and approximate total water contents wereused:F/C 0 0 25 0·37 0·50 0·63 0·75Total water 0 28 0· 32 0·34 0·36 0·38 0·40Observed and cost-corrected-relative-to-control failing ... series ofworks-manufactured, laboratory-tested pneumatic-hammer-compacted precast concrete kerbs. The results may be related to any hand machineor mass machine process where earth-moist mix designs ... where I-maxima of 0·50, 0·30 and 0 20 atthese terms are the suggested limits.Surface shrinkage characteristics were investigated from 24 to 176hours old drying in a room at 20 2 C and 45–50%...
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Precast concrete materials, manufacture, properties and usage - Chapter 1 pdf
... relevantto precast concrete manufacture leaving mix design to Chapters 5 and 6.1.5.1 Cement typesThe most common cements used are ordinary and rapid-hardeningPortland (including white), sulphate-resisting ... characteristic strengths above 40 N/mm 2 , nor somesandstones above 50 N/mm 2 .(f) Aggregate variations affect physical, chemical and architectural properties and very few precasting projects can take ... condition and clean. Cover to steel and its associated problems are discussed in Chapter 8.1.8 .2 ‘Reinforcing’ fibres and meshesFibres and meshes made from steel, polypropylene, glass and carbon...
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Precast concrete materials, manufacture, properties and usage - Chapter 3 ppsx
... concrete colourBoth the desk-top 100mm square sample and the 300mm square hand-portable samples are misleading in the case of unpigmented materials, and for coloured concretes and mortars they seldom ... agents should be water-in-oil emulsion creams orchemical release agents. Ordinary mineral mould oils and oil-in-water emulsions promote streaking and staining.(c) Pan-type mixes are preferred ... hydrated-then-dried mixturesof cement and pigment which are squeezed between glass plates and compared against a white background. The German test uses a blend ofbarytes and pigment and two...
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Precast concrete materials, manufacture, properties and usage - Chapter 5 ppt
... offup to a 24 0V or three-phase supply under closely supervisednominally dry conditions.13. Re-vibration of concrete is beneficial if the concrete is re-vibratable and the cost of double handling ... accurate and consistent quantity of concrete into the mould.In some precast processes tilting tables are used both to cast the concrete and lift the mould and concrete into the near-vertical ... materials and plant. It is also beneficial to have qualifiedtechnical staff to advise existing and potential clients and to visit sites toadvise clients and avoid and/ or deal with problems.5 .2 DOWN...
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Precast concrete materials, manufacture, properties and usage - Chapter 6 pptx
... required and the hand process is time-consuming. After the trowelling or rolling-in, the unit is subjected to awash-off, sand-blast or other suitable technique to expose the aggregate.Fig. 6.6. Precast ... N/mm 2 ) and eject. The backing is the earth-moist mix, and the facing thewet mix, and the two are interdiffused by interface cement and watermigration. The backing mix is a mortar and the ... risks of freezing and thawing and the use of de-icing chemicals. Atypical mix design could be: 2 7 parts of 10 mm hard stone or crushed rock1·5 parts of natural sand or sand-gradedcrushed rock...
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Precast concrete materials, manufacture, properties and usage - Chapter 7 pptx
... demoulding and handling. If, forexample, one aimed at and achieved a minimum 16 hour flexuralstrength of 3 N/mm 2 the cube strength at that time would be about 15 N/mm 2 and about 45 N/mm 2 at 28 ... threedifferent sorts of concrete: Type of aggregate Flint gravel Limestone Lytag Units 28 day cube strength 55 40 30 N/mm 2 28 day flexural strength 6 5 4 N/mm 2 E-value 45 30 25 kN/mm 2 Ultimate tensile ... up and gains strength slowly; a warm-starting concrete, say 25 °C,warms up and gains strength more quickly; and a concrete starting at,say 40°C, can be handled within a few hours. Any method...
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Precast concrete materials, manufacture, properties and usage - Chapter 8 pdf
... for concrete, 0· 025 for expanded plastics.Solid section: U (solid)=3·08 W/m 2 °C Concrete and plastics: U (sandwich)=0·44On an area proportionalityU (panel)=0·44×0·8+3·08×0 2= 0·97 W/m2 °C. ... with10dBA equal to about 2 10–5N/m 2 , a very low pressure. An increase byan increment of 10dBA increases the energy level by a factor of 10; i.e. 20 dBA is about 2 10 -4 N/m 2 , and so on. Equivalents ... face.8. Protect concrete against in situ concrete run-downs, bitumen spillage and sealants, etc.8.3 .2. Staining agenciesIn addition to rust, bitumen and organic residues concrete is subject...
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Precast concrete materials, manufacture, properties and usage - Chapter 9 ppt
... 0. 62 × standarddeviation Day no. Average of 10 Standard 0·9×7·0 Accept/deviation (σ) +0· 62 σreject51 7·4 0·5 6·61 A 52 7·3 0·6 6·67 A53 7·1 0·8 6·80 A54 7·0 1·0 6· 92 A55 6·9 1·0 6· 92 ... undertaken at 14 28 days old on units covered for theprevious 3 days.Day of casting no. 10 min 30 min 1 h1 0 20 0· 12 0·09 2 0·10 0·07 0·053 0·13 0·08 0·064 0·09 0·06 0·045 0·37 0 20 0·166 0·09 ... knowledge,‘know-how’ and ‘alchemy’, and if one does not know what the variablesare doing at any one time control is lost. One can list the factors and control variables one would use in precast manufacture...
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