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on acid-free paper ... Toronto
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... satellites.
They have masses a few times greater than the Sun’s, and nowadays they are
called microquasars. The black hole idea was thus available, ready made, for
explaining the quasars and active galaxies ... somewhat laborious. By 20 01, at Spain’s Instituto de
Astrofisica de Canarias, Alister Graham and his colleagues realized that you
could judge the mass just by looking at a galaxy’...
... In the
Alps he saw the tr aces of a vanished ocean, which formerly separ ated Italy and
the Adriatic region from Switzerland and Austria.
16 3
The mathematics and abstract reasoning that emerged ... called them
the Altaids, after the magnificent Altai mountain range that runs from
Kazakhstan to China.
‘The Tethysides and the Altaids cover nearly a half of the entire continent of
Eu...
... and improvements of sea
defences against tsunamis—the great ‘tidal waves’ that often accompany
earthquakes.
City by city, district by district, experts calculate the risks of damage and
casualties ... potential energy of a stream about to go over a
waterfall. The energy associated with a certain speed or temperature was greater
in a large mass than in a small one, but only in...
... proteins, and animals make
greater use of this versatility than plants do. Another is that plants, being
stationary, need a wider range of defences than animals that can run away
from danger.
In comparison ... in our own backyard,
at the oldest stars of the Milky Way Galaxy itself, and at nearby galaxies. Billions
of years from now, the Magellanic Clouds and the Andromeda Galaxy may...
... Berkeley announced
another walker, around 5.5 million years old, found in Ethiopia. He called it
Ardipithecus ramidus kadabba, where kadabba meant ‘basal family ancestor’ in the
Afar language of the ... widespread changes in
the Atlantic reaching to South America and West Africa, already correlated with
solar variations by other scientists. Farther afield, reductions of rainfall in East
A...
... exclusively
in Australia.
Kangaroos, koalas and all of the typical native mammals of Australia are
marsupials. They give birth to very small offspring, which complete their
gestation in a body pouch ... y
obvious way to establish that one scenario rather than another was what
actually happened. Also lacking is clear knowledge about what the planet was
like at the time. It was certainly...
... possibility of
retreat as well as advance, remains a valid basis for thinking generally about
co-evolution and its weaponr y. Hamilton’s idea of sex as a means of sharing out
539
plant diseases
P
otatoes ... feature was the absence
of jaguars, pumas, harpy eagles, anteating armadillos and other predators on all
of the smallest islands, letting the seed-eating rodents, leaf-cutte...
... search for sparticles at Fermilab near
Chicago, begun in 19 96, concluded only that a gluino, if it exists at all, must be
at least as heavy as an atom of lead. That was beyond the capacity of ... the satellite died because of technical problems in 20 01.
‘It was exciting to see the solar weather changing day by day,’ said Saku Tsuneta
of the National Astronomical Observatory of...
... pp. 16 0–3, 2000
Valtaoja: personal communication, 2002
Brain images
Landau: W.M. Landau et al., Transactions of the American Neurological Association, vol. 80,
pp. 12 5–9, 19 55
Scandinavian researchers: ... 19 77
Manabe: remarks made at the opening of Japan’s Institute for Global Change Research,
19 98
Kennedy: editorial in Science, vol. 2 91, p. 2 515 , 20 01
National Academy o...