... to palm oil. Biomass and Bioenergy, 22(6), 505–509. 16. Saletes, S., Caliman, J. & Raham, D. (2004). Study of mineral nutrient losses from oil palm empty fruit bunches. Journal of Oil Palm ... Bio -Oil from Fast Pyrolysis of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches 72 Table 6: Characteristics of pyrolysis oil compared to petroleum fuel3 Unwashed EFB Washed EFB Wood derived bio -oil ... experiments showed that the bio -oil from washed EFB with low ash content had similar properties as wood. Keywords: empty fruit bunches, fast pyrolysis, oil palm, bio -oil, ash, washed feedstock,...