... (Carpinus betulus), and others (e.g.[42, 70]). This is reflected by the frequency of tree species (incl.spontaneous tree rejuvenation). In the stands of the Cladonio-Pinetum, Ledo-Pinetum, and ... DISCUSSION5.1. Few non-indigenous species in the forestsWith only about 5% of the total species pool of the analyseddata set, the number of recorded non-indigenous species in pineforests, which cover ... nutrient and water supply of the soil) of the non-indigenous species, which occur in pine forests. Addition-ally, human impact on the forests and forest sites is discussedwith regard to favouring the...