Báo cáo sinh học: " Mayr, mathematics and the study of evolution" pot

... uncorrelativity of the random force is the shortness of its time of the correlation as compared with the time of the relaxation of the velocity for the large Brownian particles (large frequency of the ... expressed by the formula of the Boussinet, then the assumption about the random force will lead, in particular, to the results of the work. The physical reason of the assumption about the uncorrelativity ... legitimate and the theory correctly describes the process, taking place in the interval of the time within the time of the relaxation (and more), then it is, nevertheless, not applicable for the...

... casions, these are used to refer to the immediately prior query only, whereas on other occasions they - 121 - User studies and the design of Natural Language Systems Steve Whittaker and Phil ... consult the 3.1.1 Operators and the explicit specification of set properties The task of database access involves the construction and manipulation of answer sets with various prop- erties. The ... order. These would involve two operations, the first would be the generation of a set, and the sec- ond the sorting of that set in terms of some attribute such as age or date. The unknown...

... only 8% of the health workers, while the quintile with the most health workers has 46% of the workers. The value of the Gini index is 0.229.Part of the inequality in the distribution of health ... proxy indicators of health care needswhen measuring distributional inequalities of the health workforce in a low-income setting.Our findings indicate that there are large inequalities in the ... curvefor the distribution of the total health workforce illus-trates a new way of analysing the relationship between inequalities in the total health workforce and the skillmix.Differences in the...

... purposes) Human Resources for HealthOpen Access Review Human resources and the quality of emergency obstetric care in developing countries: a systematic review of the literatureMaman Dogba*1 and ... importance of human resources in the quality of emergency obstetric care and thus in the reduction of maternaldeaths.Methods: A systematic search of two electronic databases (ISI Web of Science and ... results.Once the relevant data had been extracted and the studiessummarized, the remainder of the analysis was carried outusing the data extraction form and the analytical frame-work presented in the...

... coiled coil domains is essential for the function of NP in RNA synthesis. Discussion Coiled coil motifs are versatile domains that mediate the interaction of proteins [16]. The central feature of coiled coil ... ∆C2). These data indicatethat the coiled coil region of NP influences the interactionwith VP35.To address the question of whether the interactiondomain for VP35 is present in the coiled coil ... two coiled coil motifs. Coiled coil motifs areable to form intra- and intermolecular bonds [18].Role of the coiled coil region for interaction of NP with VP35Figure 3Role of the coiled coil...

... before clinical use of stem cell based medicinal products. The risk profile of stem cell based medicinal products depends on many risk factors, which include the type of stem cells, their differentiation ... 2),such as the site of administration (i.e. the local environ-ment of the stem cell in the recipient) and the need for in vitro culturing. The manipulation of the cells mayalso contribute to the tumourigenic ... Most likely the observedeffect depends on the nature of the cancer cells, the characteristics of the used MSC, on the integrity of the immune system and on the timing and site of injection.Two...

... Xia et al.: No relationship between the distribution of mast cells and the survival of stage IIIB colon cancer patients. Journal of Translational Medicine 2011 9:88.Xia et al. Journal of Translational ... location, none of the mast cell countswas correlated with the 5-year survival rate. These dataargue against the hypothesis that mast cells are involvedin the progression of stage IIIB colon cancer. List ... MCCstroma, the count of tryptase-positive mast cells in the cancer stroma of the primary colon tumor; MCCadjacent, the count of tryptase-positive mast cells in the normal mucosa adjacent to the colon...

... participated in the analysis of the results and drafted the manuscript. AV participated in the analysis of the results and helped to draft the manu-script. AP designed the study, participated in the analysis of ... set [22,23]. The test for molecular clock and esti-mation of the time of split of these two viruses was donewith TreePuzzle [21].Competing interests The author(s) declare that they have no ... sequences.0.1ELMCVSNVPUUVEastSlovakia856EastSlovakia862Kurkino44Kurkino53 Saaremaa1 60V Saaremaa9 0ESlovakia400SloveniaGou3L99Z37Sr11AH0984Fli76-118LR1TULV999997100100100999898986292HTNVSEOVDOBVSAAV BioMed CentralPage 1 of 6(page number not for citation purposes)Virology JournalOpen AccessResearchPhylogenetic evidence for the distinction of Saaremaa and Dobrava hantavirusesTarja...

... form in the lungs of developing transgenicmouse embryos, cells appear within the lung that are more like cells of the gutthan they are like their lung neighbors. The lung cells in the transgenic ... inflammation thereis local up-regulation of Wnt signaling and the activity of ␤-catenin, and thatthis is then switching some of the cellsto become progenitors of intestine.”Hogan suspects that some of ... onepart of the body that normally belongin another. Neither group could get ahandle on how cells escape the usual‘rules’ that tell them which types of tissue to form in which part of the body....

... [5]. Both the choice of which codon touse and rates of evolution of synonymous sites [6] areaffected by the need to specify ESEs. The issue of gene location gets to the heart of the relationship ... specification of the mechanism of accurate splicing, the standard statistical testsbeing indecisive. Conversely, for molecular geneticists the tool-kit of evolutionary genomics is ever expanding:multisequence ... reflected in the use of the term ‘junk DNA’ todescribe intergene spacer DNA.These two schools of thought then could not be moreantithetical. And this is where genome evolution comes in. The big...

... it mathematically. One final exampleis the inheritance of the ABO blood groups, which was indoubt from the time of their discovery at the turn of the twentieth century until Bernstein’s mathematical ... genetic theory will play anincreasing role. The rise of molecular methods has led to an increase in the importance of mathematics in population genetics and evolution. The abundance of data ... been the contribution of mathematical theory to evolution? Mathematics is not central to evolution in the way it hasbeen in theoretical physics. Solid advances have been madewithout using mathematics, ...

... amplifying gene expression. Notably, the binding of the PIC to the TATA box and the binding of transcription factors to other sites could be cooperative [44]. This would make the effect of the TATA ... underlying these differences, and how they may contribute to the evolvability of gene expression. Yeast is an excellent model for studying the evolution of gene expression because of its simplicity ... activity of the chromatin regulator, could affect transcription of the downstream target gene. Unstable tandem repeatsSo far we have discussed the role of promoter architecture in the sensitivity...

... parameters R and rs canprovide more insight in our understanding of sources of LD by comparing forexample populations or chromosomes. Since there is an increasing interest in the use of single nucleotide ... patterns and the origins of LD in different populations and along different chromosomes. Linkage disequilibrium / livestock / inbreeding / genetic distance / exponential function1. INTRODUCTION Linkage ... of this study is to investigate the relationship between the co-efficient of disequilibrium D and the genetic distance and to assess the impact of inbreeding. The choice of Dis justified for...