... (see Chapter 9) and telecommunications related applications, and everything in between (see Figure 1.1). It was realized that if this common platform was not created, and proprietary projects and ... provisioning and billing, and we refer to Chapter 5, where the role and functionality of WAP gateways is described, albeit more from the network operator's point of view. 2.7 Markup languages and ... [1], calendar events (vCalendar) [2], and so on. Thus, existing standards and technologies are leveraged and can be easily migrated into WAP applications and services. 1.3.3.5 A layered telecommunication...