... World Englishes and (2) Wells’ Accents of English (19 82) runs to
three volumes. There are hundreds of varieties which can legitimately
20 Processes in Conversational English
be called English, ... (see Labov, 1997 for a review).
2. 2 Reduction Processes in English
Experimental studies of several of these processes will be outlined
in the following sections.
2. 2.1 Varieties...
... acquisition
52 3
Russian 92
Sankoff, D. 53
Sapir, E. 117
Sato, C. 123
Saussure, Ferdinand de 5
Schultze, W. 117
schwa absorption 22 –7
fricatives 24 –5
laterals 22 –3
liquids (syllabic ‘r’ and ‘w’)
23 –4
nasals ... J. C. 22 , 27 , 33, 36, 38,
40
Accents of English 19 20 , 109
Welsh 1 12 13
Welsh, A. 91
Whalen, D. H. 10, 75
Whorf, B. L. 92
Wichmann, A. 16
word lists 87–8, 90
word...
... assimilation
in English. Journal of Phonetics, 24 , 113–37.
Nolan, F., Wright, S. and Kerswill, P. (1991) End of EPSRC Award Report
R00 023 1056.
Bibliography 127
Bibliography
Al-Tamimi Y. (20 02) ‘h’ variation ... Linguistics, vol. 2: case studies. John Benjamins, 21 1– 42.
Bybee, J. (20 00a) The phonology of the lexicon: evidence from lexical
diffusion. In
Bybee, J. (20 00b) Lex...
... book
Listening to Spoken English. Few attempts are made, she observes
on her first page (19 72) , to teach English as spoken by native
English speakers. Though many foreign visitors speak English
reasonably ... documents, long after the extinction
of the substratum in question’ (Dressler, 19 72: 22 9).
5 .2 First and Second Language Acquisition
5 .2. 1 First language acquisition...
... achieved by a
little bit of each of these, a moderate amount of any two of these,
or a lot of one. Massaro’s model allows for tradeoffs of this sort
as well as tradeoffs involving different sensory ... artefact of the inter-
ruption of word-final coarticulation. Approximately 35 per cent
of them were identified not at the presentation of the next word,
but later still. The m...
... goal of looking
at what is known about the processes discussed in chapter 2.
4.1 Production of Casual Speech
4.1.1 General production studies
Impressionistic
Some studies of the production of unmonitored ... several dif-
ferent accents of British English and is in the process of developing
a composite phonological theory. Lodge (1984) assumes ‘that Eng-
lish is subject to a nu...
... that’
aÕÕvz Cov. ‘well, there’s’
2. 5 .2 h-dropping
This is a process which varies considerably from accent to accent
of English Most of the accents represented here show reduction of
/h/ when it is in a ... probabilities of application of a particular rule are a feature of
an accent group rather than an individual. The relationship between
the language behaviour of a commun...
... (2) voicing through and
(3) reduction of closure, as mentioned above.
2. 4.3 CVCV alternation
Reduction shrinks consonant clusters: some phonological processes
of English reduce the adjacency of ... of
jobs’ [l∞tsvcu∞bz].
The ‘weak and strong forms’ of of are much more like the
‘a/an’ forms of the indefinite article in English, the main difference
being that it is not actually...