Aluminium Design and Construction - Chapter 7 pps
Aluminium Design and Construction - Chapter 7 pps
... equation (7. 7): (7. 8) which becomes operative when:Non-welded outstand ß > 12.1Welded outstand ß > 12.9 .The effect of so doing is shown by the broken curve in Figure 7. 7.Chapters 8 and ... Reserved.Figure 7. 4 Slender internal element.Stress-pattern at failure, and assumedeffective section. N=non-welded,W=with edge-welds.Figure 7. 5 Slender outstand. Stress-pattern at failure, and assumed ... foundfrom the following expression: (7. 16) where ° is again found from equation (7. 7) or Figure 7. 7, but nowputting: (7. 17) 7. 4 REINFORCED ELEMENTS 7. 4.1 General descriptionThe local buckling...
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Aluminium Design and Construction - Chapter 10 pps
... bisymmetric, radial-symmetric or skew-symmetricS coincides with G and g=0. For sections entirely composed of radiatingoutstand elements, such as angles and tees (‘type-R’ sections, Figure 9 .7) ,S lies ... lying oneside of one arm, and the result then multiplied by 2n.Figure 10. 17 Symmetric sections: (a) bisymmetric; (b) radial-symmetric; (c) skew-symmetric;(d) skew-radial-symmetric.Copyright 1999 ... element LN forming part of the cross-sectionof such a member. The twist is assumed to be in a right-handed spiral(as in Figure 10 .7( a)), and the warping movement z (and hence w) ismeasured positive...
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Aluminium Design and Construction - Chapter 5 pps
... research by Nethercot, Hong and others[15– 17] . The curves are compared in Figure 5 .7 on a non-dimensionalplot. Actual design curves of pb against appear in Chapters 8 and 9,covering a range ... appropriatescatter-band, with a cut-off at the limiting stress for the material.Local buckling of a thin-walled cross-section, as distinct from overallbuckling of the member as a whole, is covered in Chapter ... this is of course the well-known Euler curve.The range of the real-life scatter-band in relation to curve E varies accordingto the mode of buckling considered. For design purposes, a curve suchas...
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Aluminium Design and Construction - Chapter 12 ppt
... K=1.2 {1+ (1-e -0 .7a/r)(1-r/b)2}r/b > 1 K=1.2 (12.2)Other non-linear effects which become significant in fatigue are thesecondary stresses in trusses, due to joint fixity, and the effects ... to in BS.8118 as ‘fatigue-quality welding’ (Section 12 .7) .12.5.2 Friction-stir weldsAt the time of writing, the new friction-stir process is being activelydeveloped, and there are strong indications ... Classification of fatigue details (arc-welded) —propagation through weldNotes. 1. For cases 34– 37 the ends of the weld must be ground flush, using run-on and run-off plates.2. For case 35 the class...
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Aluminium Design and Construction - Chapter 11 docx
... parent metal, and kz1= softeningfactor (Section 6.4.1).For the non-heat-treatable alloys it is found from:pf=0.5(foo+fuo) (11.18b)where foo and fuo are the proof and ultimate of ... alreadybeen covered under member design in Chapters 8 and 9. Here we justconsider A and B.11.3.2 Basic checking procedureLooking first at the loading cases (a) and (b), the basic procedure forchecking ... of bolt material,A2=‘stress-area’ (table 11.2).The reason for taking a seemingly more conservative pt-value for aluminium bolts is their lower toughness. And the justification for using...
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Aluminium Design and Construction - Chapter 9 docx
... determination of the effective block-width (be1 or be0)is explained in Sections 7. 2.3 and 7. 2.4, or in Section 7. 4 .7 for reinforcedelements. Very slender outstands need special consideration ... slender outstandsFor a column containing very slender outstands (Section 7. 2.5), the designermust know whether it is permissible to assume an effective section thattakes account of the post-buckled ... ‘Type-R’ sectionsIn dealing with torsional buckling it is important to distinguish between‘type-R’ sections and all others. A type-R section is one that consistsentirely of radiating outstands,...
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Aluminium Design and Construction - Chapter 8 doc
... being ineffective (Chapter 7) . For a very slender outstandelement (Section 7. 2.5), as might occur in an I-beam compressionflange, it is permissible to take advantage of post-buckled strengthwhen ... elastic-perfectly plastic steel-type stress-strain curve. Theeffect, that the actual rounded nature of the stress-strain curve has onthe moment capacity, is considered by Mazzolani in his book Aluminium Alloy ... non-slender section, non-welded and without holes, the modulusS or Z is based on the actual gross cross-section. Otherwise, it should befound using the effective section (Section 8.2.4). Chapter...
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Aluminium Design and Construction - Chapter 6 pptx
... material and also non-heat-treatablematerial there is negligible dip at A, and kz3=kz1.6.4.2 Heat-treated materialTable 6.1 lists proposed kz-values for MIG-welded joints in 6xxx and 7xxx-series ... equivalent curves for welds on 7xxx-seriesmaterial. It is seen that Az is generally higher than for 6xxx material,the 7xxx-series S-curve coinciding with the 6xxx-series N-curve.Included in Figure ... non-heat-treatable alloys, HAZ softening need only be consid-ered for work-hardened material; it is not a factor with extrusions orFigure 6.2 Typical hardness plots at a weld in heat-treated aluminium. Copyright...
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Aluminium Design and Construction - Chapter 4 pptx
... for the fasteners used in aeronautical construction. These can be in 2xxx-series alloy (T4 or T6 temper), or ina strong 7xxx-series material such as 70 75-T6. In the USA strong fastenersin these ... 0 .7) a compromise alloy, lying between thestronger and weaker kinds of 6xxxmaterial. Somewhat weaker than 6061.(c) Weldable 7xxx-series alloysThe composition of the weldable (weaker) 7xxx-series ... that alloy is supplied. Aluminium alloys can be either non-heat-treatable or heat-treatable.The former are available in a range of work-hardened conditions, definedby an H-number (as in the first...
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Aluminium Design and Construction - Chapter 3 potx
... for non-aeronautical use are usually in the strongerkind of 6xxx-series alloy. They can be either machined from T6-conditionbar-stock, or forged and then artificially aged (T8-condition). Design data ... suitable design, as for example byusing a tongue -and- groove detail between mating extrusions. Theclamping technique may be important in controlling the glue-line thickness.3.6 .7 CuringTwo-component ... penny-pinching to select a bolt material that is less corrosion-resistant than the aluminium parts being connected. Aluminium and stainless steel are the preferred materials in this respect.Aluminium...
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