... reserved.)
More than 30 staphylococcal species are pathogenic. A simple strategy for
identification of the more clinically important species is outlined in Fig. 129- 2.
Automated diagnostic ... contrast, CoNS produce small white nonhemolytic colonies.
Figure 129- 2
as a relatively simple means of distinguishing among staphylococcal species or
strains. More discriminating mole...
... viable bacteria. In staphylococcal
toxic shock syndrome (TSS), conditions allowing toxin elaboration at colonization
Chapter 129. Staphylococcal Infections
(Part 2)
S. aureus Infections
Epidemiology ... or the bloodstream.
In toxin-mediated staphylococcal disease, infection is not invariably
present. For example, once toxin has been elaborated into food, staphylococc...
... syndrome. Staphylococcal α toxin, which causes pore
formation in various eukaryotic cells, can also initiate an inflammatory response
with findings suggestive of sepsis.
Chapter 129. Staphylococcal ... serious infections caused by community-associated MRSA. The toxin's
biologic role is uncertain.
Constitutional findings may result from either localized or systemic
infecti...
... persistent infections (e.g., chronic bone infections) and
in respiratory secretions from patients with cystic fibrosis. These variants
represent another mechanism for prolonged staphylococcal ... increased risk of S. aureus infections; these include neutropenic patients (e.g.,
those receiving chemotherapeutic agents), individuals with defective intracellular
staphylococcal killing...
... influenza)
Empyema
Bacteremia and Its Complications
Chapter 129. Staphylococcal Infections
(Part 5)
Exfoliative Toxins and the Staphylococcal Scalded-Skin Syndrome
The exfoliative toxins ... desquamation of the skin that typifies this illness.
Diagnosis
Staphylococcal infections are readily diagnosed by Gram's stain (Fig. 129-
1) and microscopic examination of...
... the involved tissue reveals pus.
Chapter 129. Staphylococcal Infections
(Part 6)
Skin and Soft Tissue Infections
S. aureus causes a variety of cutaneous infections. Common predisposing
factors ... less commonly, to other streptococcal species.
Musculoskeletal Infections
S. aureus is among the most common causes of bone infections both
those resulting from hematogenous...
... risk of complications include presentation with
Chapter 129. Staphylococcal Infections
(Part 7)
Respiratory Tract Infections
Respiratory tract infections caused by S. aureus occur in selected ... radiologic, and
laboratory findings.
Community-acquired respiratory tract infections due to S. aureus most
commonly follow viral infections or septic pulmonary emboli (e.g.,...
... were associated with menstruation and the use of a
Chapter 129. Staphylococcal Infections
(Part 8)
Urinary Tract Infections
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are infrequently caused by S. aureus. ... prosthetic-device infections,
successful therapy usually involves removal of the device. Left in place, the device
is a potential nidus for either persistent or recurrent inf...
... or
reducing the incidence of infections, none of these vaccines has yet been
successful for either prophylaxis or therapy.
Coagulase-Negative Staphylococcal Infections
CoNS, although considerably ... protection against
neutrophil phagocytosis.
Two additional staphylococcal species, S. lugdunensis and S. schleiferi,
produce more serious infections (native-valve endocarditis and...
...
treatment of S. aureus infections is similar to that for CoNS infections, treatment
options for these pathogens are discussed together and are summarized in Table
129- 3.
Clinical Syndromes ... Antimicrobial Agents
The choice of antimicrobial agents to treat both coagulase-positive
staphylococcal and CoNS infections has become increasingly problematic because
of the prevalence...