Chapter 127 Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections (Part 4) pdf
Chapter 127. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections (Part 4) pdf
... penicillins and cephalosporins. One strategy that has been devised for circumventing resistance mediated by β-lactamases is to combine the β-lactam Chapter 127. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial ... including nalidixic acid and its fluorinated derivatives (ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, and moxifloxacin), are synthetic compounds that inhibit the activity of the A subunit of the bacterial enzyme ... Bacterial Infections (Part 4) Trimethoprim Trimethoprim is a diaminopyrimidine, a structural analogue of the pteridine moiety of folic acid. Trimethoprim is a competitive inhibitor of dihydrofolate...
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Chapter 127. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections (Part 5) pdf
... permeability and cause active drug efflux from the cytoplasm. Mutations that result in active quinolone efflux are also found in gram-positive bacteria. Chapter 127. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial ... dihydrofolate reductase for trimethoprim and an altered dihydropteroate synthetase for sulfonamides. Quinolones The most common mechanism of resistance to quinolones is the development of one ... The most prevalent mechanism of resistance to trimethoprim and the sulfonamides in both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria is the acquisition of plasmid-encoded genes that produce...
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Chapter 127. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections (Part 8) pdf
... indices include the ratio of the Chapter 127. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections (Part 8) Principles of Antibacterial Chemotherapy The choice of an antibacterial compound for ... inhibition of bone growth in fetus; hepatotoxicity Contraindicated pharmacokinetic and adverse-reaction profile of active compounds, the site of infection, the immune status of the host, and evidence ... of bactericidal antimicrobial activity; for the detection of resistance among such fastidious organisms as obligate anaerobes, Haemophilus spp., and pneumococci; and for the determination of...
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Chapter 127. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections (Part 1) ppsx
... 127- 1 Chapter 127. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections (Part 1) Harrison's Internal Medicine > Chapter 127. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections Treatment ... Bacterial Infections Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections: Introduction The development of vaccines and drugs that prevent and cure bacterial infections was one of the twentieth century's ... of Antibacterial Agents Letter for Fig. 127- 1 Antibacterial Agenta Major Cellular Target Mechanism of Action Major Mechanisms of Resistance A β-Lactams (penicillins and cephalosporins)...
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Chapter 127. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections (Part 2) potx
... because of a marginally broader spectrum. Chapter 127. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections (Part 2) Inhibition of Cell-Wall Synthesis One major difference between bacterial and ... any stage of the synthesis, export, assembly, or cross-linking of peptidoglycan lead to inhibition of bacterial cell growth and, in most cases, to cell death. Peptidoglycan is composed of (1) ... in the normal course of cell growth. In the presence of antibacterial agents that inhibit cell-wall growth, autolysis proceeds without normal cell-wall repair; weakness and eventual cellular...
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Chapter 127. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections (Part 3) ppsx
... susceptible to both components. Chapter 127. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections (Part 3) Inhibition of Protein Synthesis Most of the antibacterial agents that inhibit protein ... all purines, and several amino acids. Inhibition of folate synthesis leads to cessation of bacterial cell growth and, in some cases, to bacterial cell death. The principal antibacterial antimetabolites ... synthetase by competing with bacterial isoleucine for its binding site on the enzyme and depleting cellular stores of isoleucine-charged tRNA. Inhibition of Bacterial Metabolism The antimetabolites...
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Chapter 127. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections (Part 6) doc
... Chapter 127. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections (Part 6) Rifampin Bacteria rapidly become resistant to rifampin by developing mutations in the B subunit of RNA polymerase ... virtue of the acquisition of new genes include hospital-associated strains of gram-negative bacteria, enterococci, and staphylococci and community-acquired strains of salmonellae, gonococci, and ... series of unrelated compounds. The construction of multiresistant strains by acquisition of multiple genes occurs by sequential steps of gene transfer and environmental selection in areas of high-level...
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Chapter 127. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections (Part 7) pot
... cefotaxime, rifampin, and clarithromycin, have bioactive metabolites that may contribute to their overall efficacy. Chapter 127. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections (Part 7) Distribution ... elimination), by renal excretion of the unchanged or metabolized form, or by a combination of the two processes. For most of the antibacterial drugs, metabolism leads to loss of in vitro activity, although ... information on the mode of excretion of an antibacterial agent is in adjusting dosage when elimination capability is impaired (Table 127- 3). Direct, nonidiosyncratic toxicity from antibacterial drugs...
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Chapter 127. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections (Part 9) doc
... to the sum of their individual activities. Among the best examples of a synergistic or additive Chapter 127. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections (Part 9) Site of Infection ... because of the relative paucity of phagocytes and opsonins at the site of infection, the agents should be bactericidal. Chloramphenicol, an older drug but occasionally useful in the treatment of ... some antibacterial agents. The use of these agents can eliminate the susceptible population, select out resistant mutants at the site of infection, and result in the failure of chemotherapy....
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Chapter 127. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections (Part 10) pptx
... Legionella, Campylobacter, and Mycoplasma infections; CAP; group A Streptococcus Chapter 127. Treatment and Prophylaxis of Bacterial Infections (Part 10) Status of the Host Various host ... cultures to guide re -treatment Choice of Antibacterial Therapy Infections for which specific antibacterial agents are among the drugs of choice are detailed in Table 127- 6. No attempt has ... risk of toxicity of certain antibacterial drugs for the mother (e.g., hepatic toxicity of tetracycline), affects drug disposition and pharmacokinetics, and because of the risk of fetal toxicity—severely...
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