... schemes", etc
How to Read Nonfictional English Texts
Faster and More Effectively
A 'Standard Reading Exercise' for ESL-Students
Helmut Stiefenhöfer
Introductory remarks:With ... self-study) students are expected to improve their
reading speed with nonfictional English texts and to learn how to process the information
in those text...
... Statements
C
ONSOLIDATED
F
INANCIAL
S
TATEMENTS
6
Typical
Manufacturing
Company,
Inc.
22
To analyze balance-sheet figures, investors
look to certain financial statement ratios
for guidance. (A
financial statement ... issued additional
common stock at a price above par. It
also shows that Typical experienced a
foreign currency translation gain and an
unrealized gain on investmen...
... Count=
Introduction
xix
Getting past how the brain works (which we will only touch on
here) and how it directs most of nonverbal communication, we’ll talk
about the core factors of the Secret Language of Business.
The context ... xix
How to Use This Book xxiv
About the Author xxvii
1 The Secret Language of Business 1
The Study of Nonverbal Communication...
... foot toward them, his coat open, an open palm display and stooping
forward a little to show humility, or even subordination to the jury.
BODY LANGUAGE
How to read others’ thoughts by their gestures ... difficult to fake body language for a long period of time but, as we
shall discuss, it is good to learn and to use positive open gestures to communicat...
... In some cases, their territory is magnified by up to ten times the normal
size, so the driver feels that he has a claim to an area of 9 to 10 metres in front of and
behind his motor car. When ...
honest or not is to look for palm displays. Just as a dog will expose its throat to show
submission or surrender to the victor, so the human animal uses his or her palms to
dis...
... shows submission by rolling on its back and exposing its throat to
the victor, so the human uses the palm-up gesture to show submission to others. The
reverse of the dominant handshake is to ... commonly
used as a money expectancy gesture. It is often used by sales people who rub their
fingertips and thumb together and say to their customers ‘I can save you 40 per c...
... scratching
action, as opposed to the light strokes of the nose touch gesture. Like the mouth guard
gesture, it can be used both by the speaker to disguise his own deceit and by the listener
who doubts ...
This gesture is used by movie actors to portray insincerity, but is rarely seen in real life.
The Ear Rub
This is, in effect, an attempt by the listener to ‘hear no...
... fist-clenched position to show quite clearly that nobody is
permitted to pass where they stand.
PARTIAL ARM-CROSS BARRIERS
The full arm-cross gesture is sometimes too obvious to use around others because ... a subtler version - the partial
arm cross, in which one arm swings across the body to hold or touch the other arm to
form the barrier, as shown in Figure 75 .
The...
... forward-moving
gesture. Men often use this gesture in the presence of women to show an aggressive,
dominant male attitude.
It is interesting to note that birds fluff their feathers to make themselves ... rise to the theory that
this may be an inborn gesture. The headshake, usually meaning ‘No’, is also claimed by
some to be an inborn action; however, others have theori...
...
103). The arms take the readiness position and the hands serve as central indicators,
highlighting the genital region. Men use this gesture to stake their territory or to show
other men that they ... pornographic films showing men and women in sexual positions are shown
to men, their pupils can dilate to almost three times the normal size. When the same
films are shown to...
... of the desk to stake his claim to it.
Twelve
Territorial and Ownership Gestures
TERRITORIAL GESTURES
People lean against other people or objects to show a territorial claim to that object ... one way that others tell us that they agree with us or like us. It is
also a way for us to tell others that we like them, by simply copying their gestures.
If an employer wishes...
... required by two people, the angle formed by their
torsos decreases from 90 degrees down to 0 degrees. A man wishing to attract a female
partner uses this ploy, as well as other courtship gestures, ... person to join in the conversation by standing at the third
point. The two men in Figure 140 are displaying similar status by holding similar
gestures and posture and the ang...
... and gestures. As they do in
the standing position, both torsos point to a third mutual point to form a triangle; this
can show mutual agreement.
By turning your chair to point your body ... may need to revert to the direct body point technique to get to the facts.
Summary
If you want a person to have rapport with you, use the triangular position and, when
you ne...
... of their throne or official chair as high as 250
centimetres (over 8 feet) to show their status relative to their subjects; the senior
executive has a high-backed leather chair and his visitor’s ... is devoted to social and business situations and shows
how gestures and body signals occur in clusters and the circumstances that may affect
your interpretation. However, before...
... opinion, shown by his selfrestraint gesture of gripping the arms of the
chair and locked ankles. He has also issued a non-verbal challenge to the man on the
right by pointing his body at him. ... those people are now clearly shown by
their gestures. The man on the left has kept his thumbs-in-belt, foot-forward position
and has turned his body slightly towards the woman, mak...