... 1TIn'I 4 1500 Z " ;-& quot; 1000 EL -6 O ._1 500 Vmo/L = -* - 0.0 cubic element 0.0 / ' *- .001 present element .005 J -* - .010" I I I I 0 -1 0 -2 0 -3 0 -4 0 -5 0 ... by using a single element for each member was noted to 193 196 S.L. Chan and J.X. Gu Vmo - P = EA s = EA - bl (8~ + 82 )2_ bE (8 1- 82 )2_ bus-Z- (8 ~- 82 )- bvv (11) In Eqn. 8, 9 and 11, ... (1990). Nonlinear analysis of thin-walled structures using least element/member, Journal of Structural Engineering, ASCE, 116 :1, 21 5-2 34. Australian Standards (1990). AS410 0-1 990, Steel Structures, ...