Chapter 024 Gait and Balance Disorders (Part 2) pptx
Chapter 024. Gait and Balance Disorders (Part 2) pptx
... Upper motor neuron signs are present on physical Chapter 024. Gait and Balance Disorders (Part 2) Disorders of Gait The heterogeneity of gait disorders observed in clinical practice reflects ... by stiffness in the legs, an imbalance of muscle tone, and a tendency to circumduct and scuff the feet. The disorder reflects compromise of corticospinal command and overactivity of spinal reflexes. ... deficit and a functional adaptation. Unique features of the failing gait are often overwhelmed by the adaptive response. Some of the common patterns of abnormal gait are summarized below. Gait disorders...
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Chapter 024. Gait and Balance Disorders (Part 3) pptx
... and topography of cerebellar atrophy. A short expansion Chapter 024. Gait and Balance Disorders (Part 3) Parkinsonism and Freezing Gait Parkinson's disease (Chap. 366) is common, affecting ... dramatic impact on gait and balance. Cerebellar gait ataxia is characterized by a wide base of support, lateral instability of the trunk, erratic foot placement, and decompensation of balance when ... stereotypic gait disorders seen in chronic psychiatric patients. Frontal Gait Disorder Frontal gait disorder, sometimes known as " ;gait apraxia," is common in the elderly and has a...
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Chapter 024. Gait and Balance Disorders (Part 4) pptx
... divers, move so as to manage it. Imbalance implies a disturbance of equilibrium. Disorders of balance present with difficulty maintaining posture standing and walking and with a subjective sense ... urgency and incontinence, particularly in patients with cervical spine disease or hydrocephalus. It is always important to review the use of alcohol and medications that affect gait and balance. ... obvious nystagmus, but balance is impaired on standing and walking, and the patient cannot navigate in the dark. Laboratory testing is available to explore vestibulo-oculomotor and vestibulo-spinal...
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Chapter 024. Gait and Balance Disorders (Part 1) docx
... stepping. Chapter 024. Gait and Balance Disorders (Part 1) Harrison's Internal Medicine > Chapter 24. Gait and Balance Disorders Prevalence, Morbidity, and Mortality Gait and balance ... Among those 85 and older, the prevalence of gait abnormality approaches 40%. In epidemiologic studies, gait disorders are consistently identified as a major risk factor for falls and injury. A ... insecure balance and experience falls and fear of falling. Prospective studies indicate that 20–30% of those over age 65 fall each year, and the proportion is even higher in hospitalized elderly and...
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Chapter 024. Gait and Balance Disorders (Part 5) ppt
... collapsing falls are more Chapter 024. Gait and Balance Disorders (Part 5) Falls Falls are a common event, particularly among the elderly. Modest changes in balance function have been ... classification of gait disorders, for many of the same reasons. Postural control systems are widely distributed, and a number of disease-related abnormalities occur. Unlike gait problems that ... falls. Weakness and Frailty Patients who lack strength in antigravity muscles have difficulty rising from a chair, fatigue easily when walking, and have difficulty maintaining their balance after...
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Chapter 024. Gait and Balance Disorders (Part 6) ppsx
... to improve safety, including improved lighting and the installation of grab bars and nonslip surfaces. Chapter 024. Gait and Balance Disorders (Part 6) Toppling Falls Some patients maintain ... al: Clinical Disorders of Balance, Posture and Gait. London, Arnold Press, 2003 Ganz DA et al: Will my patient fall? JAMA 297:77, 2007 [PMID: 17200478] Masdeu J et al: Gait Disorders of Aging: ... Improvements are realized in posture and gait, which should translate to reduced risk of falls and injury. The goal of sensory balance training is to improve balance stability. Measurable gains...
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Chapter 027. Aphasia, Memory Loss, and Other Focal Cerebral Disorders (Part 2) pptx
... narrowed attention span rather Chapter 027. Aphasia, Memory Loss, and Other Focal Cerebral Disorders (Part 2) THE LEFT PERISYLVIAN NETWORK FOR LANGUAGE: APHASIAS AND RELATED CONDITIONS Language ... ~90% of right handers and 60% of left handers, aphasia occurs only after lesions of the left hemisphere. In some individuals no hemispheric dominance for language can be discerned, and in some ... relative paucity of substantive nouns and action verbs versus function words (prepositions, conjunctions); and if word order, tenses, suffixes, prefixes, plurals, and possessives are appropriate....
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Chapter 016. Back and Neck Pain (Part 2) doc
... Progressive focal neurologic deficit Chapter 016. Back and Neck Pain (Part 2) The posterior portion of the spine consists of the vertebral arches and seven processes. Each arch consists ... of muscles and ligaments. The contraction of muscles attached to the spinous and transverse processes produces a system of pulleys and levers that results in flexion, extension, and lateral ... apposition of a superior and inferior facet constitutes a facet joint. The functions of the posterior spine are to protect the spinal cord and nerves within the spinal canal and to stabilize the...
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Chapter 033. Dyspnea and Pulmonary Edema (Part 2) potx
... Chapter 033. Dyspnea and Pulmonary Edema (Part 2) Integration: Efferent-Reafferent Mismatch A discrepancy or mismatch between the feed-forward message to the ventilatory muscles and ... For a sensation to be reported as a symptom, it must be perceived as unpleasant and interpreted as abnormal. We are still in the early stages of learning the best ways to assess ... congestive heart failure; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Source: From Schwartzstein and Feller-Kopman. Sensory Intensity A modified Borg scale or visual analogue scale can be utilized...
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Chapter 045. Azotemia and Urinary Abnormalities (Part 2) pot
... Chapter 045. Azotemia and Urinary Abnormalities (Part 2) Assessment of Glomerular Filtration Rate Monitoring the GFR is important in both the hospital and outpatient settings, and ... a measured GFR is not available, and the serum creatinine level is used to estimate the GFR in order to supply appropriate doses of renally excreted drugs and to follow short-term changes in ... GFR. Serum creatinine is the most widely used marker for GFR, and the GFR is related directly to the urine creatinine excretion and inversely to the serum creatinine (UCr/PCr). The creatinine...
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