... REM sleep, at times associated with
Chapter 028. Sleep Disorders
(Part 12)
Parasomnias
The term parasomnia refers to abnormal behaviors or experiences that arise
from or occur during sleep. ... Both sleep terrors and sleepwalking represent abnormalities
of arousal. In contrast, nightmares occur during REM sleep and cause full arousal,
with intact memory for the unple...
...
commonly observed in narcolepsy but is also a nonspecific symptom. Similarly, a
Chapter 028. Sleep Disorders
(Part 11)
Source: Modified from TA Roth, L Merlotti in SA Burton et al (eds), ... presence of REM sleep in at least two of the naps
during the MSLT. Abnormal regulation of REM sleep is also manifested by the
appearance of REM sleep immediately or within minutes a...
... mid-afternoon nap and a shortened night sleep.
Two principal systems govern the sleep- wake cycle: one actively generates
sleep and sleep- related processes and another times sleep within the 24-h day.
Either ... illness-related) can lead to sleep or circadian rhythm
disorders.
Normal nocturnal sleep in adults displays a consistent organization from
night to night (Fig. 28...
... Chapter 028. Sleep Disorders
(Part 2)
Stages of REM sleep (solid bars), the four stages of NREM sleep, and
wakefulness over the course of the ... slow-wave sleep
may be completely absent, particularly in males.
A different age profile exists for REM sleep than for slow-wave sleep. In
infancy, REM sleep may comprise 50% of total sleep time, ... and Women's
H...
... desired sleep- wake cycle can, therefore,
induce insomnia, decreased alertness, and impaired performance evident in night-
shift workers and airline travelers.
Chapter 028. Sleep Disorders
(Part ... architecture of sleep are directly coupled to the
output of the endogenous circadian pacemaker. Paradoxically, the endogenous
circadian rhythms of sleep tendency, sleepiness, an...
... after
NREM sleep interruptions, though these typically lack the detail and vividness of
REM sleep dreams.
The incidence of NREM sleep dream recall can be increased by selective
REM sleep deprivation, ... sleep,
persisting in individuals kept awake at night. In addition, exogenous melatonin
increases sleepiness and increases sleep duration when administered to healthy
adults...
... with multiple sleep
Narcoleps
y-cataplexy
Stimulants (e.g.,
modafinil,
Chapter 028. Sleep Disorders
(Part 5)
Disorders of Sleep and Wakefulness
Approach to the Patient: Sleep Disorders
Patients ... initiate or maintain sleep adequately
at night (insomnia); (2) chronic fatigue, sleepiness, or tiredness during the day; or
(3) a behavioral manifestation associated...
... producing a state
Chapter 028. Sleep Disorders
(Part 6)
Evaluation of Insomnia
Insomnia is the complaint of inadequate sleep; it can be classified
according to the nature of sleep disruption ... falling asleep (sleep onset insomnia),
frequent or sustained awakenings (sleep maintenance insomnia), early morning
awakenings (sleep offset insomnia), or persistent sleepiness...
... Chapter 028. Sleep Disorders
(Part 7)
Psychophysiologic Insomnia
Persistent psychophysiologic insomnia is ... show decreased slow-wave sleep and reduced sleep continuity.
In mania and hypomania, sleep latency is increased and total sleep time can
be reduced. Patients with anxiety disorders tend not to ... substantially reduce hypoxia during sleep.
Comorbid Insom...
... Chapter 028. Sleep Disorders
(Part 8)
Insomnia Associated with Neurologic Disorders
A variety of neurologic diseases result in sleep disruption through both ... a sleep complaint (Chap. 363). Often the
history is of abnormal behavior, at times with convulsive movements during sleep.
The differential diagnosis includes REM sleep behavior disorder, sleep ...
disrupt...