Chapter 028 Sleep Disorders (Part 6) doc
Chapter 028. Sleep Disorders (Part 6) doc
... producing a state Chapter 028. Sleep Disorders (Part 6) Evaluation of Insomnia Insomnia is the complaint of inadequate sleep; it can be classified according to the nature of sleep disruption ... falling asleep (sleep onset insomnia), frequent or sustained awakenings (sleep maintenance insomnia), early morning awakenings (sleep offset insomnia), or persistent sleepiness/fatigue despite sleep ... prior to sleep or a bedroom environment that is not conducive to sleep. Noise or light in the bedroom can interfere with sleep, as can a bed partner with periodic limb movements during sleep or...
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Chapter 028. Sleep Disorders (Part 1) docx
... mid-afternoon nap and a shortened night sleep. Two principal systems govern the sleep- wake cycle: one actively generates sleep and sleep- related processes and another times sleep within the 24-h day. Either ... illness-related) can lead to sleep or circadian rhythm disorders. Normal nocturnal sleep in adults displays a consistent organization from night to night (Fig. 28-1). After sleep onset, sleep usually ... define sleep and wakefulness is termed polysomnography. Polysomnographic profiles define two states of sleep: (1) rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep, and (2) non-rapid-eye-movement (NREM) sleep. ...
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Chapter 028. Sleep Disorders (Part 14) doc
... (1) an abnormally Chapter 028. Sleep Disorders (Part 14) Shift-Work Disorder: Treatment Caffeine is frequently used to promote wakefulness. However, it cannot forestall sleep indefinitely, ... increasing the risk of sleep- related errors and performance lapses to a level that is unacceptable in nonemergency circumstances. Delayed Sleep Phase Disorder Delayed sleep phase disorder is ... programs should promote education about sleep and increase awareness of the hazards associated with night work. The goal should be to minimize both sleep deprivation and circadian disruption....
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Chapter 028. Sleep Disorders (Part 2) pps
... Chapter 028. Sleep Disorders (Part 2) Stages of REM sleep (solid bars), the four stages of NREM sleep, and wakefulness over the course of the ... slow-wave sleep may be completely absent, particularly in males. A different age profile exists for REM sleep than for slow-wave sleep. In infancy, REM sleep may comprise 50% of total sleep time, ... and Women's Hospital.) The first REM sleep episode usually occurs in the second hour of sleep. More rapid onset of REM sleep in a young adult (particularly if <30 min) may suggest pathology...
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Chapter 028. Sleep Disorders (Part 3) pot
... desired sleep- wake cycle can, therefore, induce insomnia, decreased alertness, and impaired performance evident in night-shift workers and airline travelers. Chapter 028. Sleep Disorders (Part ... architecture of sleep are directly coupled to the output of the endogenous circadian pacemaker. Paradoxically, the endogenous circadian rhythms of sleep tendency, sleepiness, and REM sleep propensity ... These rhythms are thus timed to oppose the homeostatic decline of sleep tendency during the habitual sleep episode and the rise of sleep tendency throughout the usual waking day, respectively....
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Chapter 028. Sleep Disorders (Part 4) ppsx
... REM sleep. Minute ventilation decreases in NREM sleep out of proportion to the decrease in metabolic rate at sleep onset, resulting in a higher PCO2. Endocrine function also varies with sleep. ... sleep, persisting in individuals kept awake at night. In addition, exogenous melatonin increases sleepiness and increases sleep duration when administered to healthy adults attempting to sleep ... REM sleep. Respiratory function also changes. In comparison to relaxed wakefulness, respiratory rate becomes more regular during NREM sleep (especially slow-wave sleep) and tonic REM sleep...
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Chapter 028. Sleep Disorders (Part 5) potx
... with multiple sleep Narcolepsy-cataplexy Stimulants (e.g., modafinil, Chapter 028. Sleep Disorders (Part 5) Disorders of Sleep and Wakefulness Approach to the Patient: Sleep Disorders Patients ... initiate or maintain sleep adequately at night (insomnia); (2) chronic fatigue, sleepiness, or tiredness during the day; or (3) a behavioral manifestation associated with sleep itself. Complaints ... diagnosis of specific disorders such as narcolepsy and sleep apnea and may be of utility in other settings as well. In addition to the three electrophysiologic variables used to define sleep states...
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Chapter 028. Sleep Disorders (Part 7) potx
... Chapter 028. Sleep Disorders (Part 7) Psychophysiologic Insomnia Persistent psychophysiologic insomnia is ... show decreased slow-wave sleep and reduced sleep continuity. In mania and hypomania, sleep latency is increased and total sleep time can be reduced. Patients with anxiety disorders tend not to ... substantially reduce hypoxia during sleep. Comorbid Insomnia Insomnia Associated with Mental Disorders Approximately 80% of patients with psychiatric disorders describe sleep complaints. There is...
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Chapter 028. Sleep Disorders (Part 8) pot
... Chapter 028. Sleep Disorders (Part 8) Insomnia Associated with Neurologic Disorders A variety of neurologic diseases result in sleep disruption through both ... a sleep complaint (Chap. 363). Often the history is of abnormal behavior, at times with convulsive movements during sleep. The differential diagnosis includes REM sleep behavior disorder, sleep ... syndrome (Chap. 3 66), are also associated with disrupted sleep, presumably through secondary mechanisms. However, the abnormal movements themselves are greatly reduced during sleep. Headache...
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Chapter 028. Sleep Disorders (Part 9) pot
... Chapter 028. Sleep Disorders (Part 9) Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) Patients with this sensory-motor disorder ... the cause of disturbed sleep. When deemed to be the latter, PLMS is called PLMD. PLMS occurs in a wide variety of sleep disorders (including narcolepsy, sleep apnea, REM sleep behavior disorder, ... Division of Sleep Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital.) Evaluation of Daytime Sleepiness Daytime impairment due to sleep loss may be difficult to quantify for several reasons. First, sleepiness...
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