...
musculature ("close the eyes," "stand up") is subserved by different pathways and
may be intact in otherwise severely aphasic and apraxic patients. Patients with
lesions of ... of the face and mouth. Limb apraxia
encompasses apraxic deficits in movements of the arms and legs. Ideomotor
apraxia is almost always caused by lesions in the left hemisphere and is...
... Chapter 027. Aphasia, Memory Loss, and
Other Focal Cerebral Disorders
(Part 4)
Gestures and pantomime do not improve communication. The patient ... middle cerebral artery,
and to the posterior temporal or angular branches in particular, is the most
common etiology (Chap. 364). Intracerebral hemorrhage, severe head trauma, or
neoplasm are other ... agitation...
... specific patterns described in Table 27-1. In a patient
Chapter 027. Aphasia, Memory Loss, and
Other Focal Cerebral Disorders
(Part 7)
Gerstmann's Syndrome
The combination of acalculia ... Variations of melodic stress and intonation influence the meaning and
impact of spoken language. For example, the two statements "He is clever." and
"...
... Chapter 027. Aphasia, Memory Loss, and
Other Focal Cerebral Disorders
(Part 12)
The patient with an amnestic state is almost always ... patient is
engaged in other tasks. Adequate recall at the end of this interval requires offline
storage, retention, and retrieval. Amnestic patients fail this phase of the task and
may even forget ... prefrontal, and orbit...
... to another can become impaired. Digit span
(which should be seven forward and five reverse) is decreased; the recitation of
Chapter 027. Aphasia, Memory Loss, and
Other Focal Cerebral Disorders ... initiative,
creativity, and curiosity and displays a pervasive emotional blandness and apathy.
In the frontal disinhibition syndrome, the patient becomes socially disi...
...
cognition; an occipitotemporal network for face and object recognition; a limbic
network for retentive memory; and a prefrontal network for attention and
behavior.
The numbers refer to the Brodmann ... that intersect in
Lateral (top) and medial (bottom) views of the cerebral hemispheres.
The primary sensory and motor areas constitute 10% of the cerebral cortex....
... attention span. Otherwise, the
failure of repetition becomes a reflection of the narrowed attention span rather
Chapter 027. Aphasia, Memory Loss, and
Other Focal Cerebral Disorders
(Part 2)
... right handers and 60% of left handers,
aphasia occurs only after lesions of the left hemisphere. In some individuals no
hemispheric dominance for language can be discerne...
... Chapter 027. Aphasia, Memory Loss, and
Other Focal Cerebral Disorders
(Part 3)
The correspondence between individual deficits of language function and
lesion location ... (Broca's
and Wernicke's areas), and "disconnection" syndromes, which arise from lesions
that interrupt the functional connectivity of these centers with each other and...
...
Chapter 027. Aphasia, Memory Loss, and
Other Focal Cerebral Disorders
(Part 5)
Conduction Aphasia
Speech output is fluent but paraphasic, comprehension of spoken language
is intact, and ... from other regions of the brain. Broca's and Wernicke's areas tend to be
spared, but there is damage to the surrounding frontal, parietal, and temporal
corte...
... to a progressive crystallization of the subtypes listed in
Chapter 027. Aphasia, Memory Loss, and
Other Focal Cerebral Disorders
(Part 8)
Language in PPA
The language impairment in PPA ... frontotemporal
lobar degenerations (FTLD) and displays various combinations of focal neuronal
loss, gliosis, tau-positive inclusions, Pick bodies, and tau-negative ubiqui...