Chapter 012 Pain: Pathophysiology and Management (Part 1) pptx
Chapter 012. Pain: Pathophysiology and Management (Part 1) pptx
... small-diameter myelinated A-delta (Aδ) and the unmyelinated (C fiber) axons (Fig. 12 -1). These fibers are present in nerves to the skin and to deep somatic and visceral structures. Some tissues, ... properties illustrate the duality of pain: it is both sensation and emotion. When acute, pain is characteristically associated with behavioral arousal and a stress response consisting of increased ... tissue damage, the quality, time course, and location of a patient's pain complaint and the location of tenderness provide important diagnostic clues and are used to evaluate the response...
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Chapter 012. Pain: Pathophysiology and Management (Part 6) pptx
... platelet-mediated blood clotting and are thus associated with increased Chapter 012. Pain: Pathophysiology and Management (Part 6) aAntidepressants, anticonvulsants, and antiarrhythmics have not ... of compounds in the management of acute severe pain. Ketorolac is sufficiently potent and rapid in onset to supplant opioids for many patients with acute severe headache and musculoskeletal ... effect of aspirin and NSAIDs and is the problem that most frequently limits the dose that can be given. Gastric irritation is most severe with aspirin, which may cause erosion and ulceration...
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Chapter 012. Pain: Pathophysiology and Management (Part 8) pptx
... headachea Rheumatoid arthritisa,b Chronic low back painb Cancer Chapter 012. Pain: Pathophysiology and Management (Part 8) Antidepressant Medications The tricyclic antidepressants ... degree of tolerance and physical dependence are likely with long-term use. Therefore, before embarking on opioid therapy, other options should be explored, and the limitations and risks of opioids ... effects of tricyclics. Anticonvulsants and Antiarrhythmics These drugs are useful primarily for patients with neuropathic pain. Phenytoin (Dilantin) and carbamazepine (Tegretol) were first...
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Chapter 012. Pain: Pathophysiology and Management (Part 2) pot
... messengers of threats to tissue injury but also play an active role in Chapter 012. Pain: Pathophysiology and Management (Part 2) Sensitization When intense, repeated, or prolonged stimuli ... nociceptors is lowered and the frequency of firing is higher for all stimulus intensities. Inflammatory mediators such as bradykinin, nerve growth factor, some prostaglandins, and leukotrienes contribute ... nociceptors, and their characteristic properties may explain how under pathologic conditions the relatively insensitive deep structures can become the source of severe and debilitating pain and tenderness....
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Chapter 012. Pain: Pathophysiology and Management (Part 4) pot
... this pain-modulating circuit contain endogenous opioid Chapter 012. Pain: Pathophysiology and Management (Part 4) Pain transmission and modulatory pathways. A. Transmission system for nociceptive ... significant analgesic effect (placebo). On the other hand, many patients find even minor injuries (such as venipuncture) frightening and unbearable, and the expectation of pain has been demonstrated ... are often severe and are notoriously intractable to standard treatments for pain. Neuropathic pains typically have an unusual burning, tingling, or electric shock–like quality and may be triggered...
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Chapter 012. Pain: Pathophysiology and Management (Part 9) docx
... selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors and traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs increase the risk of atherothrombosis? Meta-analysis of randomized trials. BMJ 332:1302, 2006 [PMID: ... Macintyre PE: Safety and efficacy of patient-controlled analgesia. Br J Anaesth 87:36, 2001 [PMID: 11460812] Wager TD et al: Placebo-induced changes in FMRI in the anticipation and experience of ... Baron R et al: Causalgia and reflex sympathetic dystrophy: Does the sympathetic nervous system contribute to the generation of pain? Muscle Nerve Wallace MS: Diagnosis and treatment of neuropathic...
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Chapter 012. Pain: Pathophysiology and Management (Part 5) pps
... 600–1200 q 8 h Oxcarbazine 300 bid Pregabalin 150–600 bid Chapter 012. Pain: Pathophysiology and Management (Part 5) Sympathetically Maintained Pain Patients with peripheral ... soft tissue trauma, myocardial infarction, and stroke (Chap. 370). Although the pathophysiology of this condition is poorly understood, the pain and the signs of inflammation are rapidly relieved ... hyperactivity should be sought in patients with posttraumatic pain and inflammation and no other obvious explanation. Acute Pain: Treatment The ideal treatment for any pain is to remove the...
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Chapter 039. Nausea, Vomiting, and Indigestion (Part 1) pptx
... Activators of Emesis Chapter 039. Nausea, Vomiting, and Indigestion (Part 1) Harrison's Internal Medicine > Chapter 39. Nausea, Vomiting, and Indigestion Nausea, Vomiting, and Indigestion: ... Optimal pharmacologic management of vomiting requires understanding of these pathways. Several brain stem nuclei—including the nucleus tractus solitarius, dorsal vagal and phrenic nuclei, medullary ... NK1, serotonin 5-HT3, and vasopressin pathways are postulated. Somatic and visceral muscles exhibit stereotypic responses during emesis. Inspiratory thoracic and abdominal wall muscles...
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Energy Technology and Management Part 1 pot
... Kim and Young-Woo Lee Part 2 Energy Management 185 Chapter 10 Management Crisis in Partial Deregulation of Energy Sector and Modeling the Technical and Economic Results of Organizational Management ... β, and Θ. βminis a lower bound of β∗, and β and Θare the step sizes for searching β∗ and Θ∗, respectively. The algorithm executes thefollowing steps to yield β∗, Γ∗, and ... Θ∗.Step 1 (Determining the candidates of β∗ and Γ∗) The purpose of this step is to obtain anumber of β∗ and Γ∗candidates for the second step.We first consider a Γ∗candidate: [L1; ;Lc]....
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Waste Water Evaluation and Management Part 1 docx
... de Oliveira and Bruna Lima Cabral Chapter 7 Chapter 8 Chapter 9Part 2 Chapter 10 Chapter 11 Chapter 12 Chapter 13 Chapter 14 Chapter 15 Chapter 16 Waste Water - Evaluation and Management ... Lalor, Daire O hUallacháin and Karl G. Richards Chapter 17 Chapter 18 Chapter 19Part 3 Chapter 20 Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23ContentsVISatellite Monitoring and Mathematical Modelling ... Part 1 Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Chapter 5 Chapter 6Preface IXWaste Water Quality Monitoring 1The Use of Methods of Environmental Analysis and Ecotoxicological...
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