... from input to hidden units. An answer to this question was presented byRumelhart, Hinton and Williams in 1986 (Rumelhart, Hinton, & Williams, 1986), and similarsolutions app eared to have ... ismultiplied with n, leading to a very large network, which is slow and dicult to train. TheJordan and Elman networks provide a solution to this problem. Due to the recurrent connections,a ... material presented in chapter 6 has b een written by Joris van Dam and Anuj Devat the University of Amsterdam. Also, Anuj contributed to material in chapter 9. The basis of chapter 7 was form by...