Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 11 ppt
Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 11 ppt
... laboratories have preferred columns packed with -5μmparticles. Such columns are less demanding in terms of equipment (Section 3.9), andare less likely to be plugged by particulates. Today, ... byconventional HPLC systems (with maximums of 6000 psi or 400 bar) is referred to as ultra–high-pressure liquid chromatography, or U-HPLC. U-HPLC, with pressures>6000 psi can be used for either ... peakheights are normalized to 100% for tallest peak in each chromatogram. Simulated chro-matograms based on data of [50, 51].changes in both %B and temperature, it is possible to achieve a maximum...
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Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 5 pptx
... most laboratories that deal with a need for analyzing chemical mixtures areequipped for HPLC; it is often the first choice of technique Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition, ... Do?, 41.2 A SHORT HISTORY OF HPLC, 61.3 SOME ALTERNATIVES TO HPLC, 81.3.1 Gas Chromatography (GC), 81.3.2 Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC), 91.3.3 Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC), 101.3.4 ... errorSFC supercritical fluid chromatographySLE solid-supported liquid- liquid extractionS/N signal -to- noise ratioSOP standard operating procedureTF peak-tailing factor TF; Figure 2.16aTHF tetrahydrofuranTLC...
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Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 7 pptx
... Switching, 792.7.7 Retention Predictions Based on Solute Structure, 80 Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition, by Lloyd R. Snyder,Joseph J. Kirkland, and John W. DolanCopyright ... Chrommatogr., 5 (1967) 183.25. J. J. Kirkland, ed., Modern Practice of Liquid Chromatography, Wiley-Interscience, NewYork, 1971.26. T. Braumann, G. Weber, and L. H. Grimme, J. Chromatogr., ... and C. G´arcia-Alvarez-Coque, Micellar Liquid Chromatography, Dekker,New York, 2000.41. Y. Ito and W. D. Conway, eds., High-Speed Countercurrent Chromatography, Wiley,New York, 1996.42. J...
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Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 9 ppt
... times.A decrease in particle size generally leads to an increase in N, as seen inFigure 2.11a. The occurrence of maximum N is seen to occur at higher flow rates forsmaller particles, which allows ... increase in proportion to retention time. A continual increase in peak width from the beginning to the endof the chromatogram is therefore observed; for example, see the chromatogram ofFigure 2.7c.The ... through detector +connecting tubing (extra-column peak broadening)(e)(f )12345679823123456879DetectorparticleporeFigure 2.12 Illustration of various contributions to band...
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Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 10 ppt
... Rs≥ 2), normally corresponding to a one -third safety factor (vs. baseline separation with Rs≈ 1.5, for peaks of comparable size).The goal of Rs≥ 2 takes into account minor peak tailing, ... choice of column length, particle size, andflow rate will always correspond to a minimum value of h ≈ 2(orν ≈ 3). Becausecommercial columns are limited to certain lengths and particle sizes, we can ... ≈1-μm particles will berequired. In the second case (N = 300,000), 9 μm particles are recommended. Thatis, fast separations require smaller particles, while large N separations require largerparticles...
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Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 18 ppt
... a graphical chromatogram for a visual inspection of thequality of the data. As laboratories move to paperless records, the chromatogrammay be viewed only on a computer monitor. For qualitative ... calibration runs to convert the time-and-area results intoconcentration data (Section 11. 4.1).Further processing of the data may provide additional information to theoperator, such as UV spectra, ... records, such as 21 CFR Part 11 [18],require electronic audit trails for data when they are stored electronically—oftenwithout paper copies. Data systems that are ‘ Part 11 compliant’’ have built-infunctions...
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Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 20 pptx
... Quadrupoles and Ion Traps, 1884.14.3 Other MS Detectors, 1904.15 OTHER HYPHENATED DETECTORS, 191 Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition, by Lloyd R. Snyder,Joseph J. Kirkland, ... 1584.3 INTRODUCTION TO INDIVIDUAL DETECTORS, 1604.4 UV-VISIBLE DETECTORS, 1604.4.1 Fixed-Wavelength Detectors, 1634.4.2 Variable-Wavelength Detectors, 1644.4.3 Diode-Array Detectors, 1654.4.4 ... CHEMILUMINESCENT NITROGEN DETECTOR, 1744.10 CHIRAL DETECTORS, 1754 .11 REFRACTIVE INDEX DETECTORS, 1774.12 LIGHT-SCATTERING DETECTORS, 1804.12.1 Evaporative Light-Scattering Detector (ELSD), 1814.12.2...
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Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 23 ppt
... celldualphotodiodedetectoroutput(a)photodiodearray(b)Figure 4.22 Schematic of a deflection refractive index (RI) detector. (a) Dual-photodiodedetector; (b) photodiode array detector (lamp and flow ... heat-exchanger requiredSensitive to temperature changesReliable, fairly easy to operateNondestructiveof photodiode-array technology to the RI detector allows multiple photodiodes to be used for detection, ... the differ-ential refractometer is widely used, particularly in size-exclusion chromatography, where sensitivity is not as critical.The sensitivity of RI detectors to temperature change also...
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Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 24 ppt
... detector response to reagents to reduce extra-column peak broadening during reaction is to use a knitted reactor,where narrow-bore flexible tubing is knitted into a series of tight radius bends to create ... fast reaction is desired to minimize the reactor volume requirements. Also reactions that go to completion tend to be more reproducible than those that only go partially to completion. The reactionchemistry ... for fragmentation,and a third quadrupole for isolation of fragment ions. Two TOF sections can beconnected to a collision cell to provide similar function with a TOF-TOF. Mixingthe ion isolation...
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Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 25 ppt
... Kirkland, J. Chromatogr., 112 (1975) 443.10. J. W. Dolan and J. N. Seiber, Anal. Chem., 49 (1977) 326. 11. L. R. Snyder and J. J. Kirkland, Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography,1 sted., ... Pressure Ruggedness Operator ColumnType Speed Convenience Stabilitya5-μm totally porous 1 4 4 4 43.5 totally porous 2 3 4 4 42- to 3-μm totally porous 3 2 2 3 3<2-μm totally porous 4 1 2 ... Rigid Particles, 2405.6.3 Soft Gels, 2445.7 COLUMN SPECIFICATIONS, 2445.7.1 Manufacturing Standards, 2445.7.2 Column Plate Number, 2455.8 COLUMN HANDLING, 246 Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography,...
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