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Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 9 ppt

Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 9 ppt

Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 9 ppt

... through detector +connecting tubing (extra-column peak broadening)(e)(f )1234567 9 82312345687 9 DetectorparticleporeFigure 2.12 Illustration of various contributions to band ... increase in proportion to retention time. A continual increase in peak width from the beginning to the endof the chromatogram is therefore observed; for example, see the chromatogram ofFigure 2.7c.The ... times.A decrease in particle size generally leads to an increase in N, as seen inFigure 2.11a. The occurrence of maximum N is seen to occur at higher flow rates forsmaller particles, which allows...
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Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 5 pptx

Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 5 pptx

... 345678 9 101112131415(a)(b)34567131210 9 14161517 19 202127 29 28242330343231333536 39 4146424347485150 49 444552535456555763677172737477767370 69 6882817875858387 89 8886 89 90 92 91 93 95 97 98 99 96 94 102104101666560616258 59 382237252612100103Figure 1.3 Examples of HPLC capability during the mid- 197 0s. ... most laboratories that deal with a need for analyzing chemical mixtures areequipped for HPLC; it is often the first choice of technique Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition, ... Do?, 41.2 A SHORT HISTORY OF HPLC, 61.3 SOME ALTERNATIVES TO HPLC, 81.3.1 Gas Chromatography (GC), 81.3.2 Thin-Layer Chromatography (TLC), 9 1.3.3 Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (SFC), 101.3.4...
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Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 7 pptx

Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 7 pptx

... Anal. Chem., 39 ( 196 7) 698 , 705.24. R. P. W. Scott, W. J. Blackburn, and T. J. Wilkens, J. Gas Chrommatogr., 5 ( 196 7) 183.25. J. J. Kirkland, ed., Modern Practice of Liquid Chromatography, Wiley-Interscience, ... Equilibria, 782.7.6 Column Switching, 79 2.7.7 Retention Predictions Based on Solute Structure, 80 Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition, by Lloyd R. Snyder,Joseph J. Kirkland, ... 50 ( 195 2) 6 79. 29. L. S. Ettre, LCGC, 19 (2001) 120.30. J. C. Giddings, Dynamics of Chromatography. Principles and Theory, Dekker, NewYork, 196 5.31. L. R. Snyder, J. Chem. Ed., 74 ( 199 7) 37.32....
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Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 10 ppt

Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 10 ppt

... ≈1-μm particles will berequired. In the second case (N = 300,000), 9 μm particles are recommended. Thatis, fast separations require smaller particles, while large N separations require largerparticles ... Rs≥ 2), normally corresponding to a one -third safety factor (vs. baseline separation with Rs≈ 1.5, for peaks of comparable size).The goal of Rs≥ 2 takes into account minor peak tailing, ... 2.5Relation of Peak-Tailing and Peak-Asymmetry FactorsPeak-Asymmetry Factor (at 10%) Peak-Tailing Factor (at 5%)1.0 1.01.3 1.21.6 1.41 .9 1.62.2 1.82.5 2.0of TF). The two peaks with TF...
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Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 11 ppt

Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 11 ppt

... laboratories have preferred columns packed with -5μmparticles. Such columns are less demanding in terms of equipment (Section 3 .9) , andare less likely to be plugged by particulates. Today, ... byconventional HPLC systems (with maximums of 6000 psi or 400 bar) is referred to as ultra–high-pressure liquid chromatography, or U-HPLC. U-HPLC, with pressures>6000 psi can be used for either ... peakheights are normalized to 100% for tallest peak in each chromatogram. Simulated chro-matograms based on data of [50, 51].changes in both %B and temperature, it is possible to achieve a maximum...
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Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 18 ppt

Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 18 ppt

... a total of three paragraphs were devoted to chromatographic data systems. Perhaps no other factor in HPLC practice has beenimpacted more in the interceding years than data handling. In 197 9, ... a graphical chromatogram for a visual inspection of thequality of the data. As laboratories move to paperless records, the chromatogrammay be viewed only on a computer monitor. For qualitative ... result, whena regulatory auditor reviews the data. It is expected that as additional regulatoryrequirements are placed on the HPLC laboratory, software manufacturers willcontinue to provide products...
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Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 20 pptx

Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 20 pptx

... Quadrupoles and Ion Traps, 1884.14.3 Other MS Detectors, 190 4.15 OTHER HYPHENATED DETECTORS, 191 Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition, by Lloyd R. Snyder,Joseph J. Kirkland, ... Infrared (FTIR), 191 4.15.2 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), 192 4.16 SAMPLE DERIVATIZATION AND REACTION DETECTORS, 194 4.1 INTRODUCTION The detector for the first liquid chromatographic separations ... 1584.3 INTRODUCTION TO INDIVIDUAL DETECTORS, 1604.4 UV-VISIBLE DETECTORS, 1604.4.1 Fixed-Wavelength Detectors, 1634.4.2 Variable-Wavelength Detectors, 1644.4.3 Diode-Array Detectors, 1654.4.4...
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Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 23 ppt

Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 23 ppt

... celldualphotodiodedetectoroutput(a)photodiodearray(b)Figure 4.22 Schematic of a deflection refractive index (RI) detector. (a) Dual-photodiodedetector; (b) photodiode array detector (lamp and flow ... heat-exchanger requiredSensitive to temperature changesReliable, fairly easy to operateNondestructiveof photodiode-array technology to the RI detector allows multiple photodiodes to be used for detection, ... the differ-ential refractometer is widely used, particularly in size-exclusion chromatography, where sensitivity is not as critical.The sensitivity of RI detectors to temperature change also...
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Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 24 ppt

Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 24 ppt

... detector response to reagents to reduce extra-column peak broadening during reaction is to use a knitted reactor,where narrow-bore flexible tubing is knitted into a series of tight radius bends to create ... fast reaction is desired to minimize the reactor volume requirements. Also reactions that go to completion tend to be more reproducible than those that only go partially to completion. The reactionchemistry ... for fragmentation,and a third quadrupole for isolation of fragment ions. Two TOF sections can beconnected to a collision cell to provide similar function with a TOF-TOF. Mixingthe ion isolation...
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Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 25 ppt

Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 25 ppt

... Anal. Chem., 49 ( 197 7) 326.11. L. R. Snyder and J. J. Kirkland, Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography,1 sted., Wiley, New York, 197 9, p. 136.12. J. W. Dolan, LCGC, 14 ( 199 6) 378.13. ... ( 199 3) 288.21. A. G. Frenich, J. R. Torres-Laasio, K. De Braekeleer, D. L. Massart, J. L. Martinez-Vidal,and M. M. Galera, J. Chromatogr. A, 855 ( 199 9) 487.22. Waters 99 6 Photodiode Detector: ... HANDLING, 246 Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition, by Lloyd R. Snyder,Joseph J. Kirkland, and John W. DolanCopyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. 199 REFERENCES 197 27....
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