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Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 7 pptx

Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 7 pptx

Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 7 pptx

... 74 2 .7. 2 Gradient Elution, 75 2 .7. 3 Peak Capacity and Two-dimensional Separation, 76 2 .7. 4 Peak Tracking, 77 2 .7. 5 Secondary Equilibria, 78 2 .7. 6 Column Switching, 79 2 .7. 7 Retention Predictions ... Separation, 70 2.6.2 Mass Overload: Effect of Sample Weight on Separation, 71 2.6.3 Avoiding Problems due to Too Large a Sample, 73 2 .7 RELATED TOPICS, 74 2 .7. 1 Column Equilibration, 74 2 .7. 2 Gradient ... REFERENCES 17 46. H. Yin and K. Killeen, J. Sep. Sci., 30 (20 07) 14 27. 47. J. S. Fritz and D. T. Gjerde, Ion Chromatography, 3rd ed., Wiley-VCH, Weinheim,2000.48. J. Weiss, Handbook of Ion Chromatography,...
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Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 5 pptx

Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 5 pptx

... 3456 7 89101112131415(a)(b)3456 7 1312109141615 17 192021 27 29282423303432313335363941464243 47 4851504944455253545655 57 63 67 71 72 73 74 77 76 73 70 69688281 78 75 8583 87 8988868990 ... most laboratories that deal with a need for analyzing chemical mixtures areequipped for HPLC; it is often the first choice of technique Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition, ... 3456 7 89101112131415(a)(b)3456 7 1312109141615 17 192021 27 29282423303432313335363941464243 47 4851504944455253545655 57 63 67 71 72 73 74 77 76 73 70 69688281 78 75 8583 87 8988868990 92919395 97 98999694102104101666560616258593822 37 252612100103Figure 1.3 Examples of HPLC capability during the mid-1 970 s....
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Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 20 pptx

Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 20 pptx

... General UV-Detector Characteristics, 1664.5 FLUORESCENCE DETECTORS, 1 67 4.6 ELECTROCHEMICAL (AMPEROMETRIC) DETECTORS, 170 4 .7 RADIOACTIVITY DETECTORS, 172 4.8 CONDUCTIVITY DETECTORS, 174 4.9 CHEMILUMINESCENT ... Quadrupoles and Ion Traps, 1884.14.3 Other MS Detectors, 1904.15 OTHER HYPHENATED DETECTORS, 191 Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition, by Lloyd R. Snyder,Joseph J. Kirkland, ... CHEMILUMINESCENT NITROGEN DETECTOR, 174 4.10 CHIRAL DETECTORS, 175 4.11 REFRACTIVE INDEX DETECTORS, 177 4.12 LIGHT-SCATTERING DETECTORS, 1804.12.1 Evaporative Light-Scattering Detector (ELSD), 1814.12.2...
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Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 26 pptx

Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 26 pptx

... heating,microparticles of silica spherical compositeFigure 5.10 Aggregation of microparticles to form totally porous particles.212 THE COLUMNand the particles are strengthened by sintering. Small particles ... preparing totally porous silica particles is to aggre-gate or assemble microparticles, as illustrated in Figure 5.10. One such procedureis to disperse a silica sol of defined size in a polar liquid, ... sol particles. Small, silica-sol particles are used to prepare particleswith smaller pores; larger pores are formed from larger silica sol-particles. Thisaggregation method can also be used to...
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Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 32 pptx

Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 32 pptx

... 5,5-diphenylhydantoin; 3, acetophenone; 4,benzonitrile; 5, 5-phenylpentanol; 6,anisole ;7, toluene; 8, cis-chalcone; 9, ethylbenzene; 10,trans-chalcone. Conditions: 150 × 4.6-mm (5-μm) columns; 45% acetonitrile-water; ... 6.4.1.4).6.3 SELECTIVITY 2 67 (d)1 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.04.03.53.02.52.0Slog kw“irregular”r2 = 0. 87 (c)%B (100f)0 10203040506 070 2.01.51.00.50.0123456 7 8log kFigure 6 .7 (Continued)While ... 5,3,4-dichloroaniline; 6, 2-nitrotoluene; 7, 3-nitrotoluene; 8, toluene; 9,3-nitro-o-xylene; 10,4-nitro-m-xylene. Conditions: 250 × 4.6-mm (5-μm) C8column; acetonitrile–pH-6.5 buffermobile...
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Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 36 pptx

Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 36 pptx

... readermay wish to skip this digression, proceed to Section 7. 2.1.2, andreturntothepresentsection as needed.We can define the ‘‘effective buffer capacity’’ of the mobile phase to mean thatan ... peak is seen in Figure 7. 5 for a mobile-phase pH = 3.0.As the pH increases to 3.5 (Fig. 7. 5b) and 4.0 (Fig. 7. 5c), the peak progressivelybroadens and becomes more distorted (peak fronting)—the ... laboratories should beable to obtain the same final mobile-phase pH within ±0.04 to 0.05 units [3]. If acloser control of mobile-phase pH is required, see Section 7. 3.4.1. When we refer to mobile-phase...
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Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 39 pptx

Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 39 pptx

... (min)Time(min)Time(min)02468Time (min)0246845 7 6456 7 123456 7 45 7 60 2 4 6 8 0 2 4 6 8 10 124+5 7 64+5 7 6(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)(f )Figure 7. 15 IPC separation of a sample of water-soluble ... Fromthese initial experiments (Fig. 7. 15a–c), it appears that a hexane sulfonate concen-tration of 6 to 7 mM would provide maximum resolution of peaks 4 to 7 (placingpeak 5 midway between peaks ... moving peak 7 too close to peak 6).Figure 7. 15d–f shows corresponding separations with heptane sulfonate asIPC reagent; in each case, the reagent concentration is reduced fourfold compared to separations...
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Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 44 pptx

Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 44 pptx

... × 4.0-mm silica column (5-μm particles); 1.5% methanol-methylene chloride; 25◦C;1mL/min.(a) Fresh sample; (b) degraded sample of polymer (stored at pH -7. 4 and 37 ◦C for 60days); (c) degraded ... required to achieve the desired retention range of 1 ≤ k ≤ 10, as well as to take advantage ofsolvent-strength selectivity.At the conclusion of exploratory TLC studies with silica plates, we need to ... often tolerate lower values of N (Section 15.4.1.1).8.6 HYDROPHILIC INTERACTION CHROMATOGRAPHY(HILIC)Hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC) can be regarded as normal-phasechromatography...
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Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 46 pptx

Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 46 pptx

... behavior can make itextremely difficult to obtain reproducible isocratic separations of macromolecules indifferent laboratories, or even within the same laboratory. Furthermore the isocraticseparation ... separations by RPC (with fixed run times,for automated analysis) are only practical by means of gradient elution and arecommonly used to assay combinatorial libraries [3], as well as other samples ... B-solvent reservoirs to containmixtures of the A- and B-solvents, rather than pure water and organic, respectively;for example, 5% acetonitrile/water in the A-reservoir and 95% acetonitrile/water...
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Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 57 pptx

Introduction to Modern Liquid Chromatography, Third Edition part 57 pptx

... need to beapplied to this value before the final sample concentration is reported.11.4 QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS 521it in water or buffer to make a primary stock. This stock then is added to the ... 11.8 to 11.10 for Same Analyte and Separation ConditionsResponseConcentration (ng/mL) External StandardaInternal StandardbStandard Additionc0 4 87 1 215 0.0408 72 92 416 0. 078 9 9115 976 ... Detector (CLND)The CLND (Section 4.9) responds to the nitrogen content of the analyte. Because thedetector response is proportional to the molar content of nitrogen in the sample, thedetector...
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