... PHONOLOGY 3
Phonemes of the English language, or any other language for that matter, can only
exist as abstract entities. They can never be literally produced by speakers.
The written system of the English ... pairs.
A1
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The English Language is too wide a topic even for two authors, and this book has been
produced in the productive company of many friends and col...
... have been if direct speech acts were used instead?
GRAMMATICAL PARTS
As native speakers of a language, we all have the rules of that language interiorised in
our minds: we know how to express just ... how language works
are called grammars, and they can differ from each other quite radically (even talking
about the ‘rules’ of language would be contentious for some grammarians).
We know...
... of language in their full context and natural setting, as stylisticians
have always done.
METHODOLOGICAL PARADIGMS
In order to consider different methodological paradigms that inform English language
study ... to a semantic analysis (A3). A poem with syntactic sequencing that did not
appear to match everyday language might be interesting under a syntactic exploration
(see A3 and B2),...
... views will be the field of discussion in unit B 13.
SECTION B
DEVELOPMENT:
ASPECTS OF
ENGLISH
SWIN|KCrEIB1Qqc8svpQueSEh0w==|1282 035 821
LANGUAGE THEORIES 53
new perspectives. No doubt our current thinking ... The ways in which people described
language 30 0 years ago (see B8 and C8) were very different from more recent descrip-
tions. Even observations from only 30 years ago which g...
... polite beliefs.
(Leech 19 83: 81)
The use of indirect speech acts can be frequently attributed to abiding by the
principles of linguistic politeness. Following Grice, Leech (19 83: 104–5) coined a set
of ... and that’, ‘yesterday, today, and tomorrow’ all entail each other as part of their
main meaning. A peculiar set of words in English are contronyms, words that can have
their own oppo...
... national
standardisation of the language. People who speak with a Welsh, Northern English,
or American or Australian accent, or who use Hiberno -English, West Midlands
English or Geordie dialects ... within the English language system (or any other language
system for that matter) that makes one variety better or superior to another variety.
B9
CODIFICATION 99
who speak a form of...
... conventions of politeness in this emergent
area of cyberspace.
Activity 3. 1
J
Activity 2.5
J
C3
126 EXPLORATION: INVESTIGATING ENGLISH LANGUAGE
Forth from his den to steal he stole
His bag of chink he ... INVESTIGATING ENGLISH LANGUAGE
Discuss the effects of each change.
Then make a list of every occurrence in the original poem where Blake does not
employ a simple philonymy (i.e. ev...
... TEXTS IN ACTION 1 43
To expand your analysis, you should now bring in the principles of pragmatics and
their accompanying linguistic frameworks which were introduced in B3 and C3. Analyse
the overheard ... example. Her own writing is repro-
duced overleaf.
Activity 6.2
J
144 EXPLORATION: INVESTIGATING ENGLISH LANGUAGE
q What kind of communicative problems did this cause?
q What happened...
... your Animadversion.
158 EXPLORATION: INVESTIGATING ENGLISH LANGUAGE
But, instead of giving you a List of the late Refinements crept into our Language;
I here send you the Copy of a Letter I received ... their original Spelling,
that whoever hath been used to plain
English
, will hardly know them by sight.
[. . .]
In order to reform our Language, I conceive, My Lord, that a free judici...
... in non-
English- speaking locations, product names are very frequently given in English.
Bhatia cites the examples of soap names in rural India, where knowledge of English
Activity 10 .3
J
INFLUENCING ... 2002: x)
World Englishes and the mass media
Materials from the mass media provide a plethora of sources of English language data
for students and researchers to analyse and World E...