... method
calls. One way of handling the error is to create an additional parameter associated with
each method call. This approach can become very unwieldy as methods receive and
merely pass on parameters ... abstraction.
As an analogy compare the problems of understanding a plate of spaghetti as com-
pared with a plate of lasagna. In order to understand the spaghetti, we have to under-
s...
... except for the last in
the list. An ad hoc approach is no plan at all, and no organization would admit to using
such an approach. A software development project can take several years and involve
tens ... and maintain plans, resolve problems, allocate work to people
and check that it has been completed.
Database design
Many systems use a database to store information. Designing the...
... preferably abol-
ished) and the local data maximized. Nowadays most programming languages provide
good support for local data and some do not allow global data at all.
Most modern programming languages ... stored on a backing store medium, such as disk.)
A manager component is an abstract data type, maintaining data and the operations
that can be used on it. The classical examples a...
... design
In general, a piece of software will require that several transformations are carried
out on its input data streams and that, after the main processing, several transforma-
tions are carried out ... new
level. This transformation is straightforward and mechanical.
We have now arrived at a program design capable of being readily translated into
most conventional programming lang...
... availability and widespread use of programming languages that fully sup-
port OOP – such languages as C++, Ada, Smalltalk, C#, Visual Basic.Net and Java.
A number of OOD methodologies have appeared and are ... advantages as compared with a software tool. They are cheap, read-
ily available and portable. Several people can easily collaborate, standing round the
11.5
●
Class–responsibi...
... simple,
clear, orthogonal programming language of the future, these concepts remain good meas-
ures with which the software engineer can evaluate the programming languages of today.
The syntax of a programming ... such as
endif and
endwhile, leads to fewer errors and more readily understandable programs. Programs
are also easier to maintain. For example, consider adding a secon...
... type of param-
eters are used in the calling program.
Java and similar languages provide far greater support for separate compilation than
Fortran. Classes may be compiled as separate modules ... Pratt, Programming languages: Design and Implementation, Prentice Hall, 1995.
Michael L. Scott, Programming Language Pragmatics, Morgan Kaufman, 1998.
Mark Woodman (ed.), Programming language...
... source as a development approach, rather than the moral ben-
efits that can be brought by using this approach. They stress that open source can pro-
duce higher-quality software than proprietary software.
The ... simultaneously. In contrast, the
use case approach is a depth-first approach. It creates individual trees one after the other.
The stages of the use case approach are:...
... for
printing.
Cyberspace invaders is a variation of a game that was popular in the early days of com-
puter games. This software is appealing because it has a fun user interface. It is also easy
to see a connection ... diagram is often drawn with the second
compartment (the variables) omitted.
A package can be diagrammed as shown in Figure C.6. It is a rectangle with a tab a...