Fiber Optics Illustrated Dictionary - Part 3 doc

... clientorserversoftware),orenablingtoolsthatdoanyone© 20 03 by CRC Press LLC Fiber Optics Illustrated Dictionary thedeviceor fiber. Dependingupontheapplication,particlesoutsidetheacceptanceconeandsometimeslarge-angleparticleswithintheacceptanceconeareexcludedfromprocessingorfurthertransmission.Seeacceptanceangle.SeeAcceptanceConediagram.acceptancepattern1.Inantennas,adiagramaticplotofoff-axispowerasitrelatestoon-axispowerasafunctionofthepositionorangleoftheantennaforagivenplane(e.g.,horizontalplane).2.In fiber op-tics,adiagramaticplotofthetotaltransmittedpowerasitrelatestothelaunchangleofthetransmission.acceptance ... modulation.Thisisknownaspoly-chromatic acousto-optic modulation.Otherapplica-tionsofacousto -optics canbeusedtotunefilters.Seeacousto-optic, modulation.acousto-opticswitchIn fiber optics, a switch ... Amodulating/demodulatingcom-puterperipheralthatconvertsdigitalsignalscreatedbyacomputerintoaudibletonesthatcanbecoupledwiththetransmittingendofatelephonehandsetorotheraudiotransmissionsdevicesotheycanbesentthroughananalogphoneline.Thedevicethencon-vertstheaudibletonesgeneratedbytheotherendofthetransmissionbackintodigitalsignalsforthere-ceivingcomputertointerpret.ThemodemisusuallyattachedtothecomputerbymeansofanRS- 232 (EIA -2 32 )interface,althoughsomeacousticmodemsdesignedfortheearlyApplecomputerswerecon-nectedthroughthejoystickport.Acoustic 30 0-baudmodemswereprevalentonper-sonalcomputersystemsinthelate1970s.Theseweregraduallysupersededbydirectconnectmodemsinthe1980s.Inthe1990s,all-digitalsystemsbegantosupersedeanalogphonelines.Acousticmodemshavemanylimitations.Theytendtobebulky,astheyneedsufficientshieldingaroundthetransmittingandreceivingelectronicstopreventthetonesfromcrossingoverandinterferingwithoneanother.Theyaresubjecttointerferencefromexter-nalnoises.Theyworkwellonlywithold-stylephonehandsets - thenewer,flatteronesdon'tprovidesuffi-cientshieldingorcontactwiththecouplerstotrans-mitcleantones,andtheydonotgenerallyemployanysophisticated...

... digitalcommunicationsforaeronauticsdevicesandfacili-tatedthedevelopmentofmodular,off-the-shelfprod-ucts.SeeARINC-629.ARINC-629Acommercialciviliancommunicationsprotocolbaseduponacentraltwisted-pairbusarchi-tecturewhichcanaccommodateupto120peripheraldevicesorterminalsata2-MHzbusrate.ARINC-629evolvedfromARINC-429,whichwasdevelopedinthe1970s.ARINCproductsaremanufacturedbyExcaliburSystems,Inc.ARINCIncorporated ... support,andcoordinatetheimplementationofdigitalradiobroadcastingtech-nologiesinAsia.DigitalAudioBroadcasting(DAB)promisestosignificantlychangeandimprovethequalityandrichnessofprogramminginformationavailabletoconsumers.SeeDigitalAudioBroadcast-ingForum.http://www.asiadab.org/© 2003 by CRC Press LLC Fiber Optics Illustrated Dictionary Association for CooperationinTelecommunica-tions ResearchinSwitzerlandACTRlS.Atelecom-munications ... artificialneuron.Thefamiliarnameforanelectronicallysimulatedneuronusedinamaze-run-ningroboticmouseintheearly1960s.SeeMelparmodel,neuralnetwork.67© 2003 by CRC Press LLC Fiber Optics Illustrated Dictionary interface builder abouttwoyears...

... acometheobservedin1665,whichisrichly illustrated inTheatrumCometumpub-lishedin1666.SeeIcelandspar,Nicolprism.Barton,Enos Melancthon (1840s-early1900s)Bar-tonco-foundedWesternElectricwithtelegraph/tele-phonepioneerElishaGray.Heinitiallyfonneda part- nershipin1868withGeorgeShawk.ShawkrejectedanoffertopartnerwithGray,butBartonwasinter-estedinGray'sideasandGray&Bartonwasformedin1869,evolvingintotheWesternElectricCompanyin1872.Itisthe ... studentstowritecomputerprogramsfortheDartmouthTime-SharingSystemrunningona General Electric(GE)main-framecomputer.© 2003 by CRC Press LLC Fiber Optics Illustrated Dictionary demarcatetheendofonecommunicationorsectionandthebeginningofthenextone,especiallyinsitu-ationswheremanypeoplearesendinginformationthroughthesamequeue,suchasaprintqueueor(2)toidentifythetypeofcommunicationorthepersontowhomitbelongs.bantam ... portAconnectinginterfaceusedonTlsys-temsforinterfacingwithreceiveandtransmit(e.g.,DS1inlout)orexternaltimingsources,typicallywithbalanced10 0- or 120 -ohmtermination.Amini-Ban-tammaybeusedonT1daughtercardsforsupport-inganexternalmonitor.Incircuittesting,thesleeveontheBantamconnectionmaybeusedtogroundthecircuit.PortConfigurations...

... softwareexecutiontechniqueinwhichaprocessishandedofftoanotherprogramorlaunchesotherprogrammodulesonanas-neededbasis.Byhavingonlythenecessarycom-ponentsmemory-resident,andbyoff-loadingmod-ulesthatarenolongerneeded,complexprogramscanbemanagedwithlimitedresources.Challenge-Handshake Authentication ProtocolCHAP.AnInternet standards-track protocolde-scendedfromavarietyofsemi-securenetworkimple-mentationsinthemid -1 97 0sand 198 0s,whichpro-videsamethodforkeyauthenticationusingPoint-to-PointProtocol(PPP).Itemploysathree-wayhand-shakeuponlinkestablishmenttoverifytheidentityofthepeerandmayrepeatitatintervals.Afterlinkestablishment,theauthenticatorchallengesthepeer,whichrespondswithahashvalue.Ifthereisamatch,authenticationisacknowledged;ifnot,theconnec-tionshouldbeterminated.Thekeyisknownonlytothepeerandtheauthenticatorandisnottransmitted.Thisprotocolissuitableforsmallormediumcon-nectionswithanestablishedtrustrelationship.Largetablesofkeysarenotpractical,andtheinformationmustbeavailableinplaintextform,withasecurecentralrepositorytostoreit.SeeRFC 199 4.challenge-response ... stations.Thefirst177© 2003 by CRC Press LLC Fiber Optics Illustrated Dictionary formaltelegrammeissaidtohavebeensenton15Au-gust1794.Chapuis, Robert J. (191 9-) AFrenchresearcherandauthorwhohasenrichedourunderstanding ... andreceivedatabetweensystems.180© 2003 by CRC Press LLC Fiber Optics Illustrated Dictionary and802.3networks.AsATMisnottiedtoa particu-lar physicallayer,CIFhasbeen definedasa pseudo-physicallayerforcarryingATMtraffic.CIFprovides...

... :::~.~.,.F .z~ -, tt© 200 3 by CRC Press LLC Fiber Optics Illustrated Dictionary CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconduc-tor.A semiconductorchipthat combines p-channelandn-channelMOSina ... laterbypagingthroughtheclips,select-ingthosedesired,andcopyingandpastingthembackintoanapplication.ClipperchipAmicroprocessorchipthatprovidesse-curityencryptionfeaturesthatcanbeincorporatedintoelectronicdevices.TheClipperchiphasbecomethefocalpointforbroadandheateddebatesovertheprivacyofglobalcommunications.TheU.S.federal187© 200 3 by CRC Press LLC Fiber Optics Illustrated Dictionary Cleave - BasicTypesthatproducea cleanercleaveandclaimthatpolish-ingisnotnecessary.Forcomplexbundledassemblies,polishingmaystillbenecessary.1CC__BAThereareanumberofwaystocleave ... technologybyagroupofvendorssupportingInterDigitalCommunications.SeeB-CDMA,spreadspectrum.TechniqueDescriptionDS-CDMASpreadspectrumtechnologyinwhichcodesareusedtomodulateinformationbitssuchthateachcodeisassignedtopreventtheoverlapofsignalsfromusertouser.Thereceiverregeneratesthecodeandusestheinformationtodemodulatethetransmission.FH-CDMAAgroupofchangingfrequenciesaremodulatedbytheinformationbitsinatwostepprocess.First,thecarrierfrequencyismodulated,andthesemodulatedfrequenciesfurthermodulatefrequencieswhilestillkeepingthemindependent.191© 200 3 by CRC Press LLC Fiber Optics Illustrated Dictionary circuit switching Atypeofend-to-end transmissionsystemcommoninphoneconnections.Intheprocessof...

... Inc.ApubliclytradingAmerican-basedglo-balISO900I-registeredsupplierforthebroadbandaccessmarket,foundedin1992.Thecompanypro-videsATM,nOCSIS,andEuroSISproductstocableserviceprovidersandoperatorsfordeliveringhigh-speedInternetandtelephonyapplications.Com21hasaresearchfacilitybasedinIreland.© 2003 by CRC Press LLC Fiber Optics Illustrated Dictionary Communique! ASunSPARC-basedvideoconfer-encingprogramfromInSoft ... contributedtothelTU-TI-seriesrecommendationsforB-ISDNamongothers.Documentsrelatedtosafety,power,ISDN,SONET,195© 2003 by CRC Press LLC Fiber Optics Illustrated Dictionary coderejectsInpacketnetworking,codesthatarenotusedornotrecognizedareprocessedascoderejects.codec ... intelligenthubornetworkcenter,providingeasieraccessandadministration.collateToassembleinthedesiredorder.Manyprint-ingprograms,wordprocessors,desktoppublishingprograms,andphotocopymachinesnowhaveset-tingsthatallowyoutochoose,formultipleprintoutsofamultipagedocument,whetheritistobeprintedsequentiallyorinpagegroups.Collationistheelec-tronicsubstituteforliningupthreecardtablesinarowwithapileofeachpageofatwenty-pagedocu-mentlyingside-by-side,andhavingfriendsandco-workerswalkdownthelinepickinguponeofeachpage.I'msuremostreadershavedonethisatleastonceintheirlifetimes.Collatingsettingsanddevicesaregreattimesavers.collect...

... ProcessingECP.Asubscriberphoneservicewithenhancedvoicemailboxfeaturesthatallowmorethanoneuseronthelinetohaveanindi-vidualmailboxorformailboxestobeindividuallyconfiguredtobelisten-only,redirect,menu-directed,orleave-a-message.CommonlytheECPcanbepro-grammedthroughonlinemenus,greatlyenhancingapplicationsthatcanbeestablishedonthesystem.ECPservicescanalsobeestablishedthroughvoice/faxmodemsbyconfiguringthesoftwareonacom-puter.Thus,fax-back,voicemailbox,redirect,andotherapplicationscanbeprogrammedtocontrolthemodem.Themodem,intum,handlesthemanage-mentofthephoneline.EnhancedDigitalAccess ... system,topassitthroughdifferent proto-cols,without alteringthewrappeddata.Itissubse-quentlyde-encapsulatedtoretrievethewrappedin-formation.SeePoint-to-Point Tunneling Protocol,tunneling.encodingTheconversion ... acomponent,wireorcable.Onacable,itistheterminatingsurfacemoreorlessperpendiculartothelengthofthecable,whichisattachedtocouplers,components,andothercables.endface testIn fiber optics fusingprocesses,inspec-tionoftheendsurfacesofcleaved fiber optics fila-ments.Theendsmustmeetcertain specificationsforsmoothnessandcutangletolerancessothesurfaceletslightpassreadilyandevenlyratherthanbeingdistortedorreflectedbackintotheoriginating fiber. endoscope...

... thatarerefreshedatabout70Hzto80Hz;abovethatlevel,thetrade-offincostandcomputingisnot sufficienttojustify the insignificant or369© 2003 by CRC Press LLC Fiber Optics Illustrated Dictionary Fibre Channel Loop CommunityFCLC.ACali-fornia-basedorganizationsupportingandpromotingFibreChanneltechnologywithparticularattentiontomassstorageinarbitratedlooptopologies.TheFCLCmergedintotheFibreChannelAssocationasaworkinggroupin1999.FibreChannelTopologiespoint-to-pointtopologyDirectconnectionsbetweentwoNportswherein ... by CRC Press LLC Fiber Optics Illustrated Dictionary Fisher,YuvalAuthorofFractalImageCompression,whichdescribesthecurrentknowledgeof fractalcompressionindown-to-EarthtermswithCsourcecodeexamples.Seefractaltransform.FITLSee Fiber intheLoop.FIXFederalInternetExchange.fIXedaccessunitFAU.Awirelesstelephonydesig-nationforawirelessphoneunitthatisnotintendedtobecarriedaround,butrathertoprovidewirelesscommunicationswithinalimitedregion.Thus,localwirelessphoneservicecanbeinstalledwithoutgo-ingthroughalocalphoneprovider,muchlikeafancyintercomunit,oritcanbesubscribedthroughanal-ternatevendorasalimitedcellularorPCSseIVice.FixedEndSystemF-ES.Anonmobiledatacommu-nicationssystemthroughwhichamobilesubscriberaccesseslandlinenetworkservices.F-ESstypicallycomprisemodemsinstalledintodesktopcomputers.SeeCellularDigitalPacketData,MobileEndSystem.FixedRadioAccessFRA.Localtelephoneservicebaseduponwirelessradiotechnologytransmittedtoanantennaattachedtothesubscriber'spremises.Theconceptdidnotcatchonuntilitwasmarketedtocon-sumersasplainoldtelephoneservice(POTS)withenhancements,asopposedtonewwirelesstechnol-ogy.TheconceptoriginallywasmoreprevalentintheU.K.thantheU.S.,butitisbeginningtoinfluencevendorsintheNorthAmericanmarket.Intypicalin-stallations,thedigitalsignalfromthetransceiverisconvertedtoanalogandcarriedtovariouspointsonthepremisesthroughtheexistingcopperwire,butthedigitalsignalscanalsobefeddirectlythroughnewlyinstalled fiber opticcables,anoptionthatwouldbeof ... =D(C(O)/A.)Asappliedtobiologicalsystems,thenetrateofdif-fusionofagasacrossafluidmembranceispropor-tionalto(a)thedifferenceinpartialpressure,(b)totheareaofthemembrane,andinverselypropertionaltothemembrane'sthickness.Fick'ssecondlawdescribesthetime-variantdiffu-sionofatomsinamaterialforaone-dimensionalsys-tem(e.g.,unidirectionaldiffusionfromaplanarsur-face)foraconstantdiffusioncoefficient.Thisfacili-tatesapproximationsforvariousfactorsrelatedtodiffusion.Seediffusion.FIDFieldIdentifier,part...

... testproceduresandsystemdesignguidelinesandspeci-ficationsfordistributorsandusersof fiber opticcom-municationstechnologies.Since2000,plenarymeet-ingshavebeenheld jointlywithFO-6,aTIAcom-mitteeon Fiber Optics. FOA1. fiber opticamplifier.2.See Fiber OpticAs-sociation,Inc.3.FirstOfficeApplication.Testingofsystemswithinanofficeapplicationoncein-housetestingiscompleteornearlycomplete.Mostofthe© ... In-terface(UNI)Implementa-tionFRF.2.1July1995Network-to-NetworkInterface(NNI)Implementa-tionFRF.lO.lSept.1996Network-to-NetworkSVCImplementationFRF.18Apr.2000Network-to-NetworkFR/ATMSVCServiceInter-workingImplementationFRF.5Dec.1994Frame ... Agrouporganizedtoconcentrateonordiscussaspecificissue.FODfax-on-demand.FODBSee Fiber OpticDataBus.FODTESee Fiber Optic Data Transmission Ex-periment.FOLDOeFreeOnline Dictionary ofComputing.FOLDOCisapopular,searchableresourcecontain-ingover13,000concisedefinitionsrelatedtocom-putingtopics.FOLDOCwasestablishedin1985andiseditedandcopyrighted(1993)byDenisHowe.TheinformationisdistributedforuseunderthetermsoftheGNUFreeDocumentationLicense.http://www.foldoc.org/FOLMSee fiber opticlevermicrophone.FOLSSee Fiber OpticLANSection.FOMSee fiber opticmodem.footprint1.Anareaorimpressiononasurfacecom-prisingamoreorlesscontiguousregionofcontactwiththebottomofsomeobjectorsignal.2.Thedeskspaceorfloorspacetakenupbyapieceoffurnitureorequipment,usuallyconsideredtheareaofactualcontact,ortheareaofcontactpluseverythingwithinitsboundaries,andthesmallareasurroundingit,whichmaybetakenupbyconnectorsorprotrudingknobs.3.Theterrainorsurface...

... Fiber Optics Illustrated Dictionary CertificationConsortium(ISC2),offeringcomprehen-sivecertificationforinformationsecurityprofession-als.http://www.issa.org/Information ... dataaccessIDA.Aphraseusuallyappliedtodatabaseaccessthroughsharedresourcesorauto-matedlookuptoolsthatfacilitateinformation-find-ing.Anumberof Web-accessible governmentar-chivesaresaidtobeIDAs.IDAalsoappliestoanum-berofcommercialdatabaseproductsthathavevari-ousdatabasediscovery,search,andretrievalfunc-tionsbuiltintotheproductsothatitcanbereadilydeployedbyaninstitutiontosetupinformationde-liveryserviceswithoutalotoftimespentonin-houseprogramming.Integrated ... insulatorswerepatentedinthe1870s.TheOakmanbeehivein-sulatorwasfavoredbyWesternUnionfortelegraphpoles.WesternUnionusedmanythousandsofBrookfieldandHemingrayinsulatorsovertheyears.Themovetostandardizeinsulatorsoccurredaround1910;clearinsulatorswerenotproduceduntilthe1930s.Ceramic485© 2003 by CRC Press LLC Fiber Optics Illustrated Dictionary insulatorswereintroducedaround1908byLockeIn-sulator,inordertoundercutthecostofglassinsula-tors.Insulatorsweredevelopedinmanyshapesandsizes,inarainbowofgem-likehues.Theyprovidealegacyofpoetically...

... 2 3 4 5 6 7 8901 +-+ - +-+ - +-+ - +-+ - +-+ - +-+ - +-+ - +-+ - +-+ - +-+ - +-+ - +-+ - +-+ - +-+ - +-+ - +-+ -+ ITypeI Code IChecksumI +-+ - +-+ - +-+ - +-+ - +-+ - +-+ - +-+ - +-+ - +-+ - +-+ - +-+ - +-+ - +-+ - +-+ - +-+ - +-+ -+ I I+MessageBody+I ... LLC Fiber Optics Illustrated Dictionary applyingforasmanyas1000domainnamespermonth(usuallyforindividualproductsintheirprod-uctlines)andspeculatorshadregisteredtensofthou-sandsofcommonwordsandgoodpotentialnamesinthehopesof ... tighttimeframe.Thus,ittendstooccurinwireandopticalnetworkswherehighspeeds,distance,andattenuationarefactors,inhigh-densityrecordingdata,andinhigh-speedwire-lesscommunications(e.g.,digitizedvoicecommu-nications).RolloffanddistortionattransmissionbandedgescanincreaselSI.Inoptical fiber transmissions,spreadingoftheopticalbeamsoverdistancecanre-sultinincreaseddispersionandlSI.Variousstatisticalmodelsfordetectingthistypeofinterferencehavebeenproposedandresearchonmiti-gatingthistypeofinterferencewasbeginningtobemorecomprehensively...

... Itdoesthisthroughastandardmanagementdomain,includingmanagementservicesforlogging,lookup,schedul-ing,events,security,andtransactionsthroughastan-dardizedinterface.Thesystemlocatesandcommu-nicateswiththeservicesasFederatedBeanscompo-nents(acooperativeconceptbasedontheJavaBeansidea).SeeJava,Just-Enough-Time.JITSeeJust-In-Time.JITTJust-In-Time-Training.Alaptop-basedintelli-gentfeedback training projectforastronautsandflightoperators.Theprogramwasestablishedinthemid-1990sbytheNASA/JohnsonSpaceCenter.jitter1.Randomorperiodic ... LLC Fiber Optics Illustrated Dictionary JointElectronic Document Interchange, UCL-JEDIJED!.Aprojecttosurvey,identify,andtestanumberofformatsforelectronicdocumentinter-changewithaneyetostandardizingtheresearchcom-munityandfacilitatingtheprocess ... specificationappro-priateforcommunicationsinfirst-partycallcontrolinconsumerdevicestothird-partycallcontrolindis-tributedcallcenters.JTAPIdevelopmentwasbeguninthemid-1990sbya consortium ofcomputerandtelecommunications...

... LLC Fiber Optics Illustrated Dictionary Laserdiodecomponentspecificationsincludethediameterofthebeamhole,theoperatingandoutputpower,theoutputwavelength(innanometers),andrecommendedoperatingandstoringtemperatures. Fiber- coupledlaserdiodes(FCLDs)combine.smallcircuitswith fiber pigtailsforconnectionto fiber op-ticcables.Theyareavailableincontinuous-waveandpulsedmodels,withsingle-ormultimodeconnectorsinavarietyofwavelengths,usuallyfromabout800to1550run.Pricesperdiodecurrentlyrangefromabout$200to$900dependinguponpowergenera-tionproperties.FCLDsareusedinscientificresearch,medicaltestingandimagingapplications,thermalprinting,andopticalmeasurementsystems.Distrib-uted-feedbacklaserdiodeswithwavelengthconcen-trationareusefulfordensewavelengthdivisionmul-tiplexing(DWDM)applications.Seedistributed-feedbacklaserdiode,laser,light-emittingdiode.laserfaxAcombinationdevicethatincorporatestheprintingfeaturesofalaserprinterwiththescanningandtransceivercapabilitiesofafacsimilemachine.ThisisahandytoolforsmallofficeswhereseparateLaserDiodeBeamShape,Correction,andControlcladding ... historyLaserhistoryisafundamentalaspectof fiber optics history.Eventsleadinguptothede-velopmentoflasersandlaser-based fiber optictrans-missionsincludetheinventionoftelescopes,televi-sionlenses,andthechannelingoflightthroughvari-ousmedia,including ... extensionsL2TPext.ExtensionstotheLayer2TunnelingPro-tocolincludinglinks,multicast,etc.TheIETFhasa579© 2003 by CRC Press LLC Fiber Optics Illustrated Dictionary developedahelium-neonlasercapableofemittingapure,continuousbeamby1960.Attheatomiclevel,RussianphysicistN.Basovcon-ductedpioneerresearchinquantumradiophysicsthatwastobecomeimportantinlasertechnology.Rus-sianphysicistandengineerR.Kazarinovlecturedonhomojunctionsemiconductorlasersin1962andco-authoredapatentinMarch1963,withAlferov,foradoubleheterostructurelaser.Dyelasersweredescribedin1966byF.Schmidtetal.inGennanyandP.SorokinandJ.LankardintheU.S.By1967,B.SofferandB.McFarlandhadde-scribedhowthesenewlaserscouldbetunedtodif-ferentfrequencies.Whiledyelaserswerenotaspow-erfulassomeoftheotherpioneerlasertechnologies,thereweremanypotentialusesfortunablelasers.Bytheearly1970s,KazarinovandR.A.Surishadde-scribedadistributedfeedbackdoubleheterostructurelaser.TheKazarinovlAlferov/Surislasersarenowim-portantcomponentsincommunicationstechnologiesandcompactdiscplayers.For...

... Press LLC Fiber Optics Illustrated Dictionary usedinconjunctionwithindustry standardITU-T-recommended errorcontrolmechanisms.Forexample,MNP-4workswithmodemsthattrans-mitatdataratesupto14,400bps.MNP-4isoftenimplementedinconjunctionwiththeVA2errorcon-trolprotocol ... computers.SeeAltair, Kenbak-I,Mark-8,MITS,Scelbi-8H,Simon,SPHERE.micro-electromechanicalsystemMEMS.Technol-ogyforintegrating electromechanicalfunctionsintointegrated circuits. MEMS-based actuatorsareusedinsingle-andmultimode ... compressionpro-tocolsdesignedfordialupmodems,whichareoften635© 2003 by CRC Press LLC Fiber Optics Illustrated Dictionary governmentpoliciesintelecommunicationsandin-formationtechnology.Telecommunicationsaregov-ernedbytheMauritius TelecommunicationsAct1998.OnlineservicesaredesignedandpublishedbytheNationalComputerBoard.http://ncb.intnet.mulmitt.htmMinistryofPosts...

... Press LLC Fiber Optics Illustrated Dictionary OUISeeOrganizationallyUniqueIdentifier.out-bandlout-of-band signalingControlsignalingthatiscarriedseparatefromtheinformationalpor-tionofamessage.SeeSignalingSystem7.out-of-range ... printeddocument,Webpage,orafacsimiletransmission.outputdeviceAdevicethatfacilitatesthecommu-nicationortransmissionofinformation,usuallyinanotherformorformat.Inmostcases,anoutputde-viceisahumaninterfaceinthesensethatitfacili-tatesthetranslationormovementofinformationbe-tweennonhuman-readableformsandhuman-read-ableforms,orbetweensingle-copymodesandmul-tiple-distributionmodesintendedforawideraudience.outside ... connector1.An ANSI-standardized 68-pin elec-tricaldataconnector commonlyusedfor8-and1 6- bitdatabusesforcomputer peripheralssuchasSCSIdrives,especially SCSI-3,asa P connectorcansup-portwidebus,high-density...