The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 39 pps

... community is the synthesis of the two. This last is, in Hegel’s philosophy of history, the ﬁnalsynthesis, but in other instances, the synthesis of one stageof the dialectic can serve as the thesis ... the antithesis of being. Being and nothing, how-ever, are opposites, constantly moving in and apart fromeach other; they require to be brought together under the synthesis, becoming. Then the ... views, the extreme positionsbeing on the one hand the view of the contemporaryphilosopher and mathematician Eudoxus that pleasure is the *good, and on the other the thesis, usually attributedto...

The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 107 ppsx

... gnosticism; language,history of the philosophy of; mathematics, history of the philosophy of; mathematics, problems of the phil-osophy of; metaphysics, history of; mind, history of the philosophy of; ... language, historyof the philosophy of; law, history of the philosophy of;macrocosm and microcosm; materialism; mathemat-ics, history of the philosophy of; medieval philosophy; metaphysics, history ... problems of the philosophy of; scientism philosophy and the public popular philosophy philosophy and theology see theology and philosophy philosophy and war see war and philosophy philosophy of...

The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 5 ppsx

... projects of their ownand not be engaged in working on just the same issues aseveryone else. The other is an impetus to togetherness— the desire of philosophers to ﬁnd companions, to be able to interact ... terms. The premisses contain two occurrences of one of the terms, the middle term. It is by virtue of relations of the other two terms to the middle term that the conclusion,containing the other ... subject—asopposed to the tendency of, for example, Sartre or the early Marx to see human beings as the active subjects of the historical process.Althusser’s account of Marx, in particular its concept of the...

The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 6 ppsx

... in the more recent history of the subject, while in the case of others it has been claimedthat they were unknown or ignored by the ancientthinkers and only came to the fore in philosophy in the period ... exercise it for the beneﬁt of those below them, andif they hold ofﬁces of authority they are accountable to those below them and recallable by them. The abolition of the state precludes not the organization ... have their natures from themselves but fromGod, they cannot act spontaneously by the necessity oftheir natures. To make it possible for them to become justsomehow of themselves, God endows them...

The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 12 pps

... explanationof the polar bear’s whiteness does not refer to the futurecamouflaging of the bears, but to the fact that their past camouflaging led to the natural selection of theirwhiteness. The centrality ... content, or whether the thesis of the survival of the fittest’ simply collapses into the empty truism that ‘whatever survives, survives’.However, there are ways of formulating the theory so that‘fit’ ... phenomena relating to them. It calls to itsaid the categories and syntheses of the European contin-ental tradition in philosophy in the endeavour to developand illuminate strategies for the existential...

The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 21 pps

... movementinspired by the critique of Aristotelianism by the Frenchphilosopher Petrus Ramus. The attempt to establishLutheran orthodoxy within the Danish Church led to the elimination of Ramism, and to the dominance ... school which drew on Plato to assert the pri-macy of mind as ‘senior to the world, and the architectthereof’. Cudworth’s major work was The True IntellectualSystem of the Universe (1678). It ... logic.Croatian philosophy. The earliest contact Croatians hadwith philosophy was in the ninth century, with the stay of the German philosopher-theologian Gottschalk at the Court of the Croatian...

The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 34 ppsx

... of the History of Phil-osophy in the University of Oxford. Historian of ancient philosophy who is sensitive to the methodological distinc-tion between writing history of philosophy as history ... appearsthat Plato was led to the theory in the first place by con-sidering such types as the type of person who is virtuous,but he then extended it to many other types. d.b.*Aristotle; cave, ... againstDescartes, the empiricist thesis that the exercise of the senses is the best guide to the nature of reality and that the correct role of reason is confined to drawing inferencesfrom the findings...

The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 37 pps

... tendency to moral myopia. It enjoins listeners to treat others with the understanding and respect they wouldthemselves wish to encounter, and above all not to inﬂictmisfortunes on others that they ... haveunderstood this to mean ‘of logical necessity’, i.e. it wouldbe incoherent to suppose there to be no God. *Atheismdoes, however, seem to be a coherent position, even iffalse; and so other theists ... wouldhave them do unto you’ (Matthew 7: 12); or negatively,urging that you not do to others what you would not wishthem to do to you, as in the sayings of Confucius or Hillel. The rule’s all-encompassing...

The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 42 ppsx

... Hobbes, they do not take free will to mean the lib-erty of the man [to do] what he has the will, desire, or inclin-ation to do’. Rather, they take free will to refer to somepower within the person ... in the land, however manyyears they or their ancestors have lived there. They arecalled aliens and may well be persecuted or deported—asif to vindicate the claim that the land belongs to this ... serial history in whichﬁrst one, then the other, was the majority in the land,developed the requisite attachments, governed them-selves or aspired to do so, generates two claims of exactly the same...

The Oxford Companion to Philosophy Part 50 pps

... has written on topics in the philosophy of mind,medieval philosophy, ancient philosophy, the philosophy of Wittgenstein, the philosophy of Descartes, moral philosophy, and the philosophy of ... he said there was ‘inﬁnitely more Christiantruth’ in the errors of their ways than in the mawkishness,torpor, and sloth of the establishment’. The trick is to berid of the errors of the pagans ... effective abstractions from the richness of what there is,rather than as the only or the whole truth. a.o’h.*science, history of the philosophy of; science, prob-lems of the philosophy of.G. F....

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