... make the situation durative.)
One after the other, the ramblers reached the top of the hill. (The idea of repetition
is induced by the plurality of the subject NP and the duration-implying phrase ... ashes.]
The fact that the transition cannot form part of the ‘middle part of the situa-
tion referred to by the progressive form is due to the fact tha...
... a telic
VP, but since the progressive form only refers to a portion of the middle part
of the actualizing situation, the sentence does not represent the actualization
of the situation as bounded, ... for us, the VP will be that part of the predicate constituent that does not
contain optional adverbials (the predicate constituent of a clause being every-
thing bu...
... Apart from the fact that they do not involve a particular inflectional
tense morpheme, the present perfect and the future tense are often excluded
from the English tense system on the basis of ... relation
they express is or is not that of anteriority. The same is true of the other
nonfinite forms, viz. infinitives and gerunds. (In other words, verb forms are
only tens...
... some
middle part of the Adv-time.
(b) coincidence: the contained orientation time coincides with the Adv-time.
In other words, the boundaries of the Adv-time coincide with the bound-
aries of the contained ... Thursday.” (The
adverbial specifies the time as well as the duration of the predicated situation. Be-
cause the adverbial gives the information that i...
... Paris.]” (The
situation time is that part of the time of the speaker’s being in Rennes that coincides
with t
0
. The adverbial until six indicates the duration of the remaining part Ϫ the
part following ... hours’.)
2.31.2 There are a couple of cases in which the situation time coincides with
the time of the full situation. In these cases a pure duration adv...
... homogeneous), the pres-
ent tense does not say anything about the length of the (actualization of the)
full situation in the real world. It can therefore be used irrespective of whether
the full situation ... formulaic
usage may use the present tense to refer to the reproduction rather than to the original
176 3. The absolute use of the present tense
II. The pr...
... received, the source of the news (e. g.
the telling or the hearing) can be referred to with the help of a verb in the
nonprogressive present tense: I hear you’re going to buy a new car.
3.12.6 The ... time is punctual is due to the fact that the durative
(actualizations of the) situations (of being in the process of a making a
wheelchair or of being in the...
... concern the relation between the time of
the ‘full situation’ (see 2.16.1) and t
0
. Such a temporal W-interpretation de-
pends in part on the semantics of the tense (i. e. on the location of the ... and the time of the predicated situation
(ϭ situation time). In these examples there is nothing triggering the marked
interpretation that the situation time is onl...
... reading)
In these examples, the length of the pre-present period is to be inferred from
the pragmatics of the context. In the following, it is indicated by the bifunc-
tional adverbial for the last ... 276 5. The absolute use of the present perfect
on the irritation of being kept waiting, of standing around doing nothing (or
rather on the minimal amount of su...
... must walk locates the poten-
tial (actualization of the) situation of walking in the future.)
There is no problem using be going to in the head clause of a conditional sentence if
the conditional ... become a name in the academic world.
7.13 Constraints on the use of be going to
The use of be going to presupposes that all the necessary conditions for the future
ac...
... interpretation of the W-simultaneity is that
of inclusion: the situation of Jim being in London temporally included the
situation of my seeing him there.
8.5 The two ‘time-spheres’
In English, the use of ... sleeping for seven hours now only asserts the factual (part of
the) full situation, and the duration adverbial indicates the length of this factual
part...
... photo of a man in uniform.
Raising the lid of the well, she pointed to the green water.
The locomotive jumped the rails, narrowly missing a couple of trees near the railway.
In these examples, the ... 497
the fact that the two situations do not really overlap but concentrates on the
fact that they follow each other closely and that there is some logical relation
betw...
... T-anterior to the situation time of the matrix
clause. There is therefore no expression of the T-relation between the situation
times of the two subclauses. This means that only the that-clause ... domain, there are sometimes two
possibilities as to the choice of binding time. Compare the following, in which
the past perfect forms in the head clauses are the past...
... he presents the
contents of the two clauses as forming a unit. The use of the Pseudo-t
0
-System,
which implies that the situation time of the head clause and the situation time
of the subclause ... the tense form of the subclause locates the situation time of the subclause
in the temporal domain created by the Absolute Future System form in the
head...
... in clauses with temporal adverbials
[I don’t think any of the others caused the injury.] I have once before heard of this
happening to a Lionhead belonging to a friend of my son. (www)
(g) Once ... support that objective.
7. The following are www examples:
Martin Sixsmith was trying to approach it [ϭ the question] from the point of view of
the Civil Service and he, of...