... before their discovery, microorganisms were exploited toserve the needs and desires of humans, i.e., to preserve milk, fruit, and vege-tables, and to enhance the quality of life with the resultant ... decayingmatter, and scrapings from his teeth, reported the presence of tiny “animal-cules”, i.e., moving organisms less than one thousandth the size of a grain ofsand. Most scientists thought ... French beer was inferior to German beer, he demonstrated the existence ofstrictly anaerobic life, i.e., life in the absence of air.The field of biochemistry originated in the discovery by...