... 2003.[40] N. A. Alsindi, B. Alavi, and K. Pahlavan, “Measurement and modeling of UWB TOA-based ranging in indoor multipathenvironments,” 2007, to appear in IEEE Transactions on Ve-hicular Technolog ... Location, And Navigation Symposium,vol. 2006, pp. 565–568, San Diego, Calif, USA, April 2006.[38] N. A. Alsindi, B. Alavi, and K. Pahlavan, “Spatial character-istics of UWB TOA-based ranging ... analyti-cally obtained using IDM realization, capturing the areas and boundary lengths and consequently using (15). To validatethe analytical derivation of transition probabilities of Markovchain,...