... Networking 11fail to resend any messages when users are off line, despitetheir successful interception. Even though the message in Step 1 is intercepted and resent, attackers will obtain no validinformation ... IEE Proceedings InformationSecurit y, vol. 152, no. 1, pp. 13–20, 2005.[18] H. Zhang and Y. Zhu, “Self-updating hash chains and theirimplementations,” in Proceedings of the 7th InternationalConference ... readers from transferring their authority to the unauthorized, declininginvalid access to tags. Our scheme is proved viable and secure with GNY logic; it is against certain security threats,...