... retail chain in its domestic market. In 2005, FC launched an expansion strat-egy to increase the international arm of its business by opening shops in prominent European cities such as Berlin, Barcelona, ... in reassuring IPO investors, so their involvement increases the possibility of success in going public. Usually, IPOs realized with private equity inves-tors create higher returns. 5. Spin-off ... systems industry providing both single products and global services. Their main distribution channels include wholesalers, dealers, ironmongers, retails chains, and industrial and banking groups....