... +I, +II, +III Fe [Ar]3d64s2 +II, +III, +IV, +V Nb [Kr]4d35s2 +III, +V Pb [Xe]4f 14 5d106s26p2 +II, +IV Ti [Ar]3d24s2 +II, +III, +IV Tl [Xe]4f 14 5d106s26p1 +I, +III ... La(+III), Y(+III), Ba( +II) , Sr( +II) , Bi(+III), Ca( +II) , Tl(+III), Hg( +II) and O( -II) . We verify that the results predicted by the simple model proposed here are in good agreement with the experimental ... have the oxidation states Cu(+I) and Cu(+III). Metal Electron configurations Oxidation states As [Ar]3d104s24p3 +III, +V Bi [Xe]4f 14 5d106s26p3 +III, +V Cu [Ar]3d104s1...