... regard to existing levels of soil fertility or soil differences in nutrient retention and supply capacity. However, the key to sustainable and profitable cropping is a soil- specific approach to soil ... (‘SCAMP’- Soil Constraints and Management Package) was developed to identify soil constraints from simple field observation of soil features, supported by simple field and laboratory chemical ... project trained provincial and district extensionists to determine field texture, pH, and EC of soils and to observe and record properties such as position in the landscape, drainage, permeability,...