... twoelements in ClpA, one in the N-domain and the other in the pore of the ClpA hexamer. In the case of shortunstructured peptides or unfolded proteins such ascasein, binding to the tyrosine residues in ... threedomains: an N-domain and two ATP-binding domainsreferred to as the D1 and D2 domains. Interestingly,deletion of the N-domain from ClpA not only abol-ishes binding of the adaptor protein, ClpS, but ... GFP–ssrA and FR-linker–GFP by ClpP (data not shown). Thus it remainsunclear whether these arginine residues are directlyinvolved in substrate binding. Of note, although the N-domains of ClpA and...