... h
22 8
Ac
23 2
22 8
1.9 y
56 s
0.15 s
3.7 d
21 2
Pb
21 6
Po
22 0
Rn
22 4
Ra
11 h
21 2
Bi
21 2
Po
20 8
Tl
61 m
(64%)
3.1 m
61 m
(36%)
3.1
× 10
−7
s
20 8
Pb
DK594X_book.fm Page 27 Tuesday, June 6, 20 06 ... m
23 8
U
23 4
Pa
23 4
U
2. 4
× 10
5
y
3.8 d
1.6 × 10
3
y
7.7 × 10
4
y
22 2
Rn
22 6
Ra
21 8
Po
23 0
21 4
Pb
3 m
21 4
Bi
21 4
Po
21 0
Pb
20 m
6.4 × 10
−5
s
2...
... acid-free paper
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-8 49 3-3 59 4-9 (Hardcover)
International Standard Book Number-13: 97 8-0 -8 49 3-3 59 4-5 (Hardcover)
This book contains information ... extent of the spread of contamination. The remaining chapters of this
book discuss the hazards and radiation safety connected with radionuclides in
foods...
... on organ-
isms. These will be examined using the five-kingdom convention of Rose [16]
and incorporating the effects analyses of Sazykina [23 ]. Rose noted that within
individual kingdoms there was ... exposure and potential
effects. The difficulty arises in trying to measure them, either in the field or in a
laboratory setting, and then interpret them with regard to an organi...
... Wet and dry deposition of I- 129 in Seville (Spain) measured by accel-
erator mass spectrometry, J. Environ. Radioactiv., 55, 26 9, 20 01.
108. Muramatsu, Y. and Ohmomo, Y., I- 129 and I- 127 in environmental ... M., and Rachold, V., 22 8Ra and 22 6Ra in the Kara and
Laptev seas, Cont. Shelf Res., 23 , 113, 20 03.
43. Moore, W.S., Determining coastal mixing rates usi...
... LLC
180 Radionuclide Concentrations in Food and the Environment
by the ratio at equilibrium between the activity concentration in the animal
product considered and the amount ingested daily in the ... Earth’s
surface.
6 .2. 1 W
INDS
Winds are the driving force for the transport of airborne pollutants. They deter-
mine the direction of the plume of pol...
... LLC
Radionuclides in Foodstuffs and Food Raw Material 23 9
22 6
Ra was found to be highest in the bone ( 72 Bq/kg), but was in the range 0 .23
to 1.7 Bq/kg in other tissues. The report added that
22 6
Ra levels in ... by industry regulators. Information
generated in routine monitoring programs is invaluable in determining the effect
on the environment and fo...
... material,
E
= energy of the incident particle.
− =
⋅
⋅
dE
dx
e
m
ZB
2
4
0
2
π
υ.
B
mE
I
c
c
=
−
−−−+ln
.( )
(ln )
0
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
21
22 1 1
υ
υ
υυ
ccc c
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
8
11
+ ... determined using a
22 6
Ra point source where the most intensive
γ-rays of
22 6
Ra in equilibrium with its daughters have been used. The relative
intensities (the...
... 346 Radionuclide Concentrations in Food and the Environment
10 .2. 4 MASKING OF ILLICIT MATERIALS
Knowledge of the underlying deficiencies of radiation detection instruments and
the inherent ... detectors, and Peltier-cooled PIN
detectors [61]. A PIN detector works in the same way as a p-n junction, but it
has an intrinsic layer between the p-n junctions, hence the...