... informa-tion from the image by masking out the water bodies. Seven land cover types, includ-ing built-up area, wetland (with vegetation), grassland, forest, bare land, muddy beach, and farmland ... examining spectral characteris-tics, three groups of objects with spectral similarity were identied: (a) wetland and grassland/forest, (b) bare land and developing urban area, and (c) built-up ... spectral comparison of the built-up urban area with the muddy beach.© 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC16 Wetland and Water Resource Modeling and Assessmentbodies and built-up areas are close...