Wastewater Purification: Aerobic Granulation in Sequencing Batch Reactors - Chapter 7 docx

... 0.1C5H 7 NO2+1.5CO2+1.52H2O (7. 7)Itappearsfromequation7.7that75%oftheinputacetatecarbonischanneledtocarbon dioxide-carbon during aerobic granular culture. The respirometric tests withaerobicgranulesshowedthatabout74%ofacetate-carbonisconvertedtocarbondioxide,whichisfairlyconsistentwithequation7 .7. Whenmoresubstrate-carbongoes ... 4 17 4 27. Su,K.Z.andYu,H.Q.2005.Gasholdupandoxygentransferinanaerobicgranule-based sequencing batch reactor.Biochem Eng J 25: 201–2 07. Su,K.Z.andYu,H.Q.2006.Ageneralizedmodelforaerobicgranule-basedsequencing batch ... SS,NH4+,NO3 - )involvedinthebiologicalreactions.Equation7.18isobtainedfromamassbalanceofsubstance i for a slice of granule in themth size fraction:53 671 _C0 07. indd 126 10/29/ 07 7:18:35 AM©...

... explanation without intent to infringe.Library of Congress Cataloging -in- Publication Data Wastewater purification : aerobic granulation in sequencing batch reactors / editor, Yu Liu.p. cm.Includes bibliographical ... acid-free paper10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1International Standard Book Number-13: 97 8-1 -4 20 0-5 36 7- 8 (Hardcover)This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted ... Selection Pressure Theory for Aerobic Granulation in Sequencing Batch Reactors 85Yu Liu and Zhi-Wu Wang Chapter 7 Growth Kinetics of Aerobic Granules 111Qi-Shan Liu and Yu Liu Chapter 8 Diffusion of...

... important role in theanaerobic granulation process. Thus, this chapter attempts to offer further insightsintotheroleofshearforceinaerobicgranulation.53 671 _C002.indd 25 10/29/ 07 7:02:15 AM© ... density increasedquasi-linearly with shear stress. Di Iaconic et al. (2005) also reported that thebiomass density of aerobic granular sludge increased linearly with shear force in asequencingbatchbiolterreactor,andaveryhighbiomassdensityof70to110gVSS ... stress in xed-lmculture.J Appl Microbiol 90: 3 37 342.53 671 _C002.indd 35 10/29/ 07 7:02:31 AM© 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC© 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC252 Aerobic Granulation...

... Improving anaerobic sequencing batch reactor perfor - mance by modifying operational parameters.Water Res 36: 363–3 67. Tay, J. H., Yang, S. F., and Liu, Y. 2002. Hydraulic selection pressure-induced ... Properties of Aerobic Granules 413.4 Conclusions 49References 493.1 INTRODUCTIONItappearsfromtheprecedingchaptersthatanumberofoperatingparametersofa sequencing batch reactor (SBR) can in uence aerobic ... nitrifying granulation in sequencing batch reactors. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 59: 332–3 37. Wang,F.,Yang,F.L.,Zhang,X.W.,Liu,Y.H.,Zhang,H.M.,andZhou,J.2005.Effectsofcycletimeonpropertiesofaerobicgranulesinsequencingbatchairliftreactors.World...

... dischargepointwithinthegivensettlingtimeareretainedinthereactor;otherwise,theyaredischarged. This chapter aims to offer in- depth insights into the role of settling time in aerobic granulation in SBR. ... proteins, which are used as adsorbing and link-ing materials in the anaerobic granulation process (Morgan, Evison, and Forster1991).However,differentviewsexistregardingtheroleofcalciuminbiogranulation,for ... LLC Aerobic Granulation at Different Settling Times 63 aerobic granulation. In fact, absence of anaerobic granulation in the UASB reactors wasobservedatveryweakhydraulicselectionpressureintermsofliquidupowvelocity(OFlahertyetal.19 97) .AscomparedtotheoperationofaerobicSBR,itisextremely...

... Tay, J H. 2006. Chemosphere 62 :76 7 77 1;dataonsettlingtimefromQin,L.,Liu, Y., and Tay, J. H. 2004. Biochem. Eng. J. 21: 47 52.)53 671 _C005.indd 78 10/29/ 07 7:15: 37 AM© 2008 by Taylor & Francis ... H.2006.Chemosphere 62: 76 7 77 1.)LFIGURE 5.11 SchematicdiagramofacolumnSBR.53 671 _C005.indd 77 10/29/ 07 7:15:36 AM© 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC© 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC 78 Wastewater ... successful aerobic granulation in SBR.As presented in the preceding chapters, aerobic granules can be simply distin - guished from bioocs by their large particle size. The mean size of aerobic gran - ules...

... for Aerobic Granulation in Sequencing Batch Reactors Yu Liu and Zhi-Wu WangCONTENTS6.1 Introduction 856.2 Is Aerobic Granulation Inducible? 866.3 Earlier Understanding of Aerobic Granulation ... 48.Beun,J.J.,vanLoosdrecht,M.C.M.,andHeijnen,J.J.2002.Aerobicgranulationina sequencing batch airlift reactor.Water Res 36: 70 2 71 2.53 671 _C006.indd 1 07 10/29/ 07 7:16: 57 AM© 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, ... experimentalevidenceshowsthatstarvationcanactasatriggerofaerobicgranulationinSBRs.6.4.4 FEEDING STRATEGYMcSwain, Irvine, and Wilderer (2004) reported that intermittent feeding is an effec-tiveoperatingstrategyforenhancingaerobicgranulationinSBRs.Forthispurpose,differentllingtimeswereappliedtoSBRs,resultingindifferentdegreesoffeast-famine...

... operatingparameters on aerobic granulation in sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) (chapters 1to7).However,verylimitedinformationiscurrentlyavailableaboutthediffusionbehaviorsofsubstancesinsideaerobicgranules.Tayetal.(2002)foundthatamodeldye ... 445–4 57. Yang,S.F.,Liu,Q.S.,Tay,J.H.,andLiu,Y.2004.Growthkineticsofaerobicgranulesdevel - oped in sequencing batch reactors. Lett Appl Microbiol 38: 106–112.53 671 _C008.indd 1 47 10/29/ 07 7:20:25 AM© 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, ... RADIUSESOxygenprolesinaerobicgranuleswithradiusesof0.1to1.0mmaresimulated(gure8 .7) .SimilartotheCODprolesingure8.6,oxygencandiffuseintotheentireaerobicgranuleswithradiusof0.1and0.4mm(gure8.7aandb).Foraerobicgranuleswitharadiusbiggerthan0.5mm,prominentoxygendiffusionlimitationturnsout.Oxygenisonlyabletopenetrateto0. 27, 0.64,and0.1mmfromthesur - faceofaerobicgranuleswithradiusesof0.5,0 .75 ,and1.0mm,andtheremainingdepth in the aerobic granule is decient in dissolved oxygen (DO) (gure 8.7c, d,and...

... 149–1 57. Qin,L.,Liu,Y.,andTay,J.H.2004.Selectionpressureisadrivingforceofaerobicgranula-tion in sequencing batch reactors. Process Biochem 39: 579 –584.Quarmby,J.andForster,C.F.1995.AnexaminationofthestructureofUASBgranules.Water ... C16H34 27. 7 0 0Chloroform CHCl3 27. 2 3.8 0Source: Data from Bellon Fontaine, M/ N., Rault, J., and van Oss, J.1996. Colloid Surface B 7: 47 53.53 671 _C009.indd 153 10/29/ 07 7: 27: 21 AM© ... 46: 270 – 274 .53 671 _C009.indd 177 10/29/ 07 7:28: 07 AM© 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC© 2008 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLCThe Essential Role of Cell Surface Hydrophobicity in Aerobic...

... hydrophilicsurface,butmorewithhydrophobicsurfacesofothercells(Ghigo2003).Sofar,differentviewsexistwithregardtotheroleofEPSinaerobicgranulation.Di Iaconi et al. (2006) reported that the main component of EPS in aerobic granularbiomass in a sequencing batch biolter reactor was made of proteins, and protein-richEPSwouldimprovethestabilityofgranularbiomassstructure.Asthemaincomponentofproteinsisaminoacids,whichoftencarrynegativecharges,theywillcontribute ... presentwithinandaroundthestructureofbiogranules(Forster1991;deBeeretal.1996;Veigaetal.19 97; Tay,Liu,andLiu2001c),whileEPSalsocanllintheintercellularspaces in the microcolonies present in aerobic granules (Jiang, Tay and Tay 2002;McSwainetal.2005).ItismostlikelythatEPSplaysanimportantroleinmaintain - ingthestructuralandfunctionalintegrityofaerobicgranules(gure10.5).Tay,Liu,andLiu(2001b)investigatedtheroleofEPSintheformationandstabilityofaerobicgranules.Itwasfoundthattheformationofaerobicgranuleswascoupled ... composition, substrate loading rate, hydraulic retention time, hydro - dynamic shear force, settling time in sequencing batch reactors (SBRs), feast-famineregimeninSBRs,culturetemperature,etc.,maystimulatebacteriatosecretemoreEPS.ThecompositionofEPSisalsorelatedtothecharacteristicsofthefeedwaste - water,forexampleEPSinanaerobicgranulesgrownonprotein-richwastewaterhadhighproteinandDNAlevels,whereashighpolysaccharidescontentwasfoundinanaerobicgranulesfedbyothertypesoforganicwastewaters(BatstoneandKeller2001).Inaddition,thedeciencyofnitrogenwasfoundtofavortheproductionofEPS,...