... included other factors of change or motion (the matter, the form, and the end) under an expanded concept of cause. On this understanding, the concept of cause is therefore not a univocal one in16 The ... father counsels his son, and, on the whole, the maker isthis kind of cause of the thing made” (194b31). The second set of ex-amples occurs a few lines down: The sower of seeds, the doctor, the counselor, ... step, and they are the source of all the motionwhich is the war. But in another sense, they take direction from their en-emies, and their action is in reality a response to their enemies. Thus theyare...