... are similar to "search for paths to goals" methods such as branch−and−bound and A*. For descriptions of these and other search methods seeWinston 1992, Glover 1989 and 1990, and Kirkpatrick, ... developed by Holland andhis students and colleagues at the University of Michigan in the 1960s and the 1970s. In contrast with evolution strategies and evolutionary programming, Holland's original ... variousevolutionary computation methods, and the boundaries between GAs, evolution strategies, evolutionaryprogramming, and other evolutionary approaches have broken down to some extent. Today,...