... in the bath.’’61This was an apex, of sorts, for the first phase of endocrine psychiatry. The Sidelining of Endocrine Psychiatry Interest in endocrine psychiatry was soon marginalized. In the ... lowerabdomen.’’11For psychiatrists of Chiarugi’s generation, the tides of the body were intimately linked to the passions of the spirit; once rid of the ‘‘bilious matter’’ in the stomach, the patient was restored ... years.’’1Indeed, for the endocrine functions of the brain to makemuch impact on psychiatry, it was important to acknowledge that the brain, rather than the mind, is the origin of psychiatric symptoms. The essence...