... Figure 2: Needs analysis within the curriculum development process (Potoar 1998) ,, - ,, - ,, - ,, - 2.2.1. What ... learner - language proficiency, language difficulties, use of language in real life - to form ‘objective needs’, whereas cognitive and ‘affective needs’ of the learner in language learning - confidence, ... accordingly. In this regard, needs are described as objective and subjective (Brindley, 1989:65), perceived and felt (Berwick, 1989:55), target situation/ goal-oriented and learning, process-oriented...