... labor with technology to the extent possible. This trend toward consolidation, simplification, and specialization is consistent with many sectors of the American industrial economy. The diversified, ... 2S), ammonia, carbon dioxide, methane, and carbon monoxide are the most pervasive (Donham et al., 1982a; Donham and Gustafson, 1982; Donham et al., 1982b; Donham and Popendorf, 1985; Donham ... to the time they go to the slaughterhouse. The grower does not own the animals and frequently does not grow the crops to feed them. The integrator (company) controls all phases of production,...