... size, and changing coverage. Extrapolation is transferring information from smaller to larger extents, coarse-graining transferring information with increasing grain size, and fine-graining transferring ... CONCEPTS AND METHODS 3 J. Wu, K.B. Jones, H. Li, and O.L. Loucks (eds.), Scaling and Uncertainty Analysis in Ecology: Methods and Applications, 3–15. © 2006 Springer. Printed in the Netherlands. ... size, and fine-graining transferring information with decreasing grain size. Sometimes, upscaling and downscaling refer specifically to coarse-graining and fine-graining, respectively (e.g., Bierkens...