... time and cost of developments of NEMS and MEMS for medical and biomedical, aerospace and automotive, electronic and manufacturing systems.The importance of mathematical model developments and ... manufacturing and transportation, power and energy systems, and avionics and national security. NEMS and MEMS have important impacts inmedicine and bioengineering (DNA and genetic code analysis and synthesis,drug ... range of hardware and software. For example,design of advanced nano- and microscale actuators/sensors and smartstructures, synthesis of optimized (balanced) architectures, development of newprogramming...