... least time-consuming and the most cost- effective reading. According to schema theory (Goodman, 1985), the main reading skills are listed bellow: a. Word-attack skills consist of: - Morphological ... interactive model was namely a schema- theoretic model: Readers may compensate for insufficient knowledge in a particular area, such as word recognition of syntactic knowledge (bottom-up skills), by ... reading processes, three general descriptions of reading: bottom- up, top-down, or interactive, have been developed over years.Bottom-up models have not been favored by second language researchers,...