... know-ledge of the identities and quantities of pollutants and other chemical species inwater, air, soil, and biological systems. Therefore, proven, state -of- the-art techniques of chemical analysis, ... LLC24 CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF WATERAND WASTEWATER____________________________________________________24.1. GENERAL ASPECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHEMICAL ANALYSISScientists’ understanding of the ... period in the evolution of analytical chemistry, characterizedby the development of new and improved analysis techniques that enable detection of much lower levels of chemical species and a vastly...