... TENSE GENERATION IN AN INTELLIGENT TUTOR FOR
FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING:
SOME ISSUES IN THE DESIGN OF THE VERB EXPERT
Danilo FUM (*), Paolo Giangrandi(°), Carlo Tasso (o) ... techniques for
developing very sophisticated systems, called
Intelligent Tutoring Systems, in the specific
domain of foreign language teaching
(Barchan, Woodmansee, and...
... with in
order to build an intelligent tutoring system (ITS) in
the domain of foreign language teaching is that of
establishing what kind of grammatical knowledge
has to be included in the ... choice and
conjugation of an English verb tense. One of the
main concerns in designing the knowledge base for
this module has been that of maintaining the...
... synthesis.
In this type of synthesis, units of recorded speech
are appended. By using recorded speech, many of
the voice qualities of the person recording the
speech remain in the resulting synthetic ... recordings. The system’s intention is to
make the process of recording a corpus of ut-
terances relatively easy for those inexpe-
rienced in linguistic anal...
... substan-
tial input from astronauts, trainers, engineers, and
other NASA personnel. The first version of the
system operated on a simplified (and invented)
procedure for unpacking and operating ... Parsing and interpretation
The output of the speech recognizer is parsed
using SRI' s Gemini parser. The text of the rec-
ognized speech and the resulting parse are then...
... i.e., the number of derivation steps
in TD and HD, and the number of passive and
active edges in GCF and GCO. The decimals in
parentheses show the ratio of the performance of
each method to the ... lexicons are the words in the input string,
each of which is used as the index for a subset
of the edges in the chart; each edge incident from
(t...
... sense-indexing to induce
a second-order similarity for the other terms in
the lexicons. We evaluate the performance of the
cross-lingual text categorization, using both the
BoW Kernel and the Multilingual ... do-
main kernel. We can observe that the latter largely
outperform a standard BoW approach. Analyzing
the learning curves, it is worth noting that when
the quanti...
... number of samples has been annotated for
training. However, we see that the larger the
pool of candidate instances for annotation is, the
better the resulting accuracy. By increasing the
pool of ... We can use bagging (Breiman, 1996), a
technique for generating a committee of
classifiers, to assess the label uncertainty of a
potential training instance. With...
... one
way of conditioning the probabilities is by annotat-
ing the extra conditioning information onto the node
labels in the parse tree. We can annotate the training
corpus with richer information and ... both the LP and the LR
dropped after 3 training iterations: the N-best EM
variant used for SLM training algorithm increases
the likelihood of the training data, bu...
... the fission module needs the timing in-
formation from the speech synthesiser to finalise the
schedules for the other modalities, the synthesiser
first prepares and stores the waveform for its input
text; ... Steedman’s (Steedman, 2000a) theory of
information structure and intonation is used to con-
strain the choice of pitch accents and boundary tones
for the speec...
... Belief and Discourse Levels for (2) and (3)
threshold, the evaluator has insufficient information to
determine whether to adopt _bel and therefore will ini-
tiate an information-sharing subdialogue ... belief
and the evidence provided to her and adopt the belief if the
evidence is convincing. On the other hand, if the evalua-
tion indicates that the agent should mainta...