... WORLD’S FORESTS 200972Asthe demand for food,bre and fuelhasincreased,sohasthe demand for cleanair and water,unspoiltlandscapes and otherenvironmentalservicesprovidedbyforests.Whereforestsareconvertedtootherlanduses,theservicestheysupplyarediminished.Maintainingsuchservicesposeschallenges,especiallywheretrade-offsbetweentheproductionofgoods and theprovisionofservicesmustbeaddressed.Publiclyownedforestshavebeenamajorsourceofenvironmentalservices,providedmainlythroughregulatory,non-marketapproachessuchasprotectedareas.Withnon-stateactorsplayinganincreasingroleinresourcemanagement,aneed for incentives for theprovisionofenvironmentalserviceshasbecomeevident.Thischapterdiscussestheoutlook and challengesintheprovisionofenvironmentalservicesfromforests.REGULATORY ... legislation and planning, including national forest programmes•Management of forests and forest industries and all related activities, including trade in forest products •Regulatory and enforcement ... 2 Adapting for the future77Meeting the demand for environmental services of forests and scienticrationale for REDDhasbeenwellarticulatedinthattheforestsector(mainlydeforestation)accounts for morethan17percentofgreenhousegasemissions and thataddressingdeforestation and degradationwouldbeamorecost-effectivemitigationoptionthanbringingaboutchangesinenergyuse.However,providingincentivestodesistfromdeforestationinvolvescomplexpolicy,institutional and ethicalissues(Martin,2008).Biodiversity...